surplus
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surplus
An amount that remains after all costs or consumption have been deducted; a surplus of money, goods, or resources.
Das Unternehmen hat im letzten Geschäftsjahr einen Überschuss von fünf Millionen Euro erwirtschaftet.
The company generated a surplus of five million euros in the last fiscal year.
excess
An excess of something immaterial, such as energy or feelings.
Nach dem langen Sitzen hatten die Kinder einen Überschuss an Energie und tobten durch den Garten.
After sitting for a long time, the children had an excess of energy and ran wild through the garden.
The word consists of 'über' (over) and 'Schuss' (shot). Figuratively, it describes something that 'shoots beyond' the normal measure or target and is therefore left over.
Durch gute Planung entstand ein Überschuss im Budget.
Good planning created a surplus in the budget.
'Überschuss' (surplus) is very often used with the preposition 'an' followed by a noun in the dative to say what there is too much of.
Wir haben einen Überschuss an Bewerbungen für die Stelle erhalten.
We received a surplus of applications for the position.
In an economic context, 'Überschuss' (surplus) is often combined with verbs like 'erwirtschaften' (to generate), 'erzielen' (to achieve), or 'produzieren' (to produce).
Das Land hat dieses Jahr einen hohen Exportüberschuss erzielt.
The country achieved a high export surplus this year.
Outside of economics, the word describes an excess of non-material things. Typical combinations are 'ein Überschuss an Energie' (an excess of energy), 'an Kreativität' (of creativity), or 'an Informationen' (of information).
Nach dem Kaffee hatte er einen Überschuss an Energie und konnte nicht still sitzen.
After the coffee, he had an excess of energy and couldn't sit still.
plus
Das Plus and der Überschuss can both refer to an economic surplus. Plus is the more general and more colloquial term for a positive result. Überschuss refers more specifically to the amount left after costs or consumption have been deducted.
Nach Abzug aller Kosten blieb beim Stadtfest ein Überschuss von 2.000 Euro.
After all costs had been deducted, a surplus of 2,000 euros remained from the city festival.
Beim Stadtfest gab es am Ende ein Plus von 2.000 Euro.
The city festival ended with a surplus of 2,000 euros.
