inverse conclusion
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conversely
A conclusion drawn from the fact that a certain statement was not made or that the opposite of a condition applies. It means something like 'from this, the reverse follows.'
Er hat nur die guten Seiten erwähnt; im Umkehrschluss bedeutet das wohl, dass es auch Nachteile gibt.
He only mentioned the good sides; conversely, that probably means there are disadvantages too.
'Umkehrschluss' (inverse conclusion) consists of 'die Umkehr' (the reversal, the opposite) and 'der Schluss' (the conclusion). So it is literally a conclusion that you draw from the opposite of a statement.
Wenn das Licht aus ist, ziehe ich den Umkehrschluss, dass niemand zu Hause ist.
If the light is off, I draw the inverse conclusion that no one is at home.
This noun is used almost exclusively in the fixed expression 'im Umkehrschluss' (conversely/by inverse conclusion). It introduces a sentence or subordinate clause that expresses a logical conclusion.
Das Restaurant hat heute geschlossen. Im Umkehrschluss müssen wir uns etwas anderes zum Abendessen suchen.
The restaurant is closed today. Conversely, we have to look for something else for dinner.
When the expression 'im Umkehrschluss' (conversely) is at the beginning of the sentence (position 1), the conjugated verb follows directly in position 2. This word order is called inversion.
Sie hat nicht widersprochen. Im Umkehrschluss stimmte sie dem Plan also zu.
She did not object. Conversely, she therefore agreed to the plan.
inference
Rückschluss is a general conclusion drawn from information or observations. Umkehrschluss is more specific: it involves concluding that a statement was not made or that the opposite of a condition applies. Use Rückschluss for ordinary inferences and Umkehrschluss when the conclusion explicitly goes in the opposite direction.
Die Tür ist nicht abgeschlossen, doch daraus lässt sich nicht im Umkehrschluss schließen, dass niemand zu Hause ist.
The door isn’t locked, but it does not follow conversely that no one is home.
Aus den Messungen lässt sich der Rückschluss ziehen, dass die Maschine zu viel Energie verbraucht.
The measurements allow us to infer that the machine is using too much energy.
