vacuum
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vacuum
In physics, a space that is completely free of matter. In practical terms, it refers to a space with extremely low gas pressure.
Schallwellen können sich im Vakuum des Weltraums nicht ausbreiten.
Sound waves cannot travel through the vacuum of space.
The word 'Vakuum' (vacuum) comes from the Latin adjective 'vacuus', which means 'empty'. This origin helps you remember the basic meaning of an empty space or a lack.
Die Lebensmittel sind in einer speziellen Folie verpackt, um ein Vakuum zu erzeugen.
The food is packaged in a special film to create a vacuum.
In its literal, physical meaning, 'Vakuum' (vacuum) is often used with verbs like 'erzeugen' (to create) or 'aufrechterhalten' (to maintain). It typically appears in texts about physics, astronomy, or technology.
Für das Experiment muss in der Kammer ein fast perfektes Vakuum erzeugt werden.
For the experiment, an almost perfect vacuum must be created in the chamber.
In the figurative sense, 'Vakuum' (vacuum) is often combined with words like 'Macht' (power), 'politisch' (political), or 'emotional' (emotional). A very common expression is that a person or event 'ein Vakuum hinterlässt' (leaves a vacuum) that must be filled.
Der Rücktritt des langjährigen Parteichefs hinterließ ein politisches Vakuum.
The resignation of the long-serving party leader left a political vacuum.
lack / defect
'der Mangel' and 'das Vakuum' can both express that something important is missing. 'Mangel' is the normal word when there is not enough of something, such as money, time, or staff. 'Vakuum' sounds more figurative and stronger: it means an emptiness that arises when something important is completely missing, for example leadership, ideas, or order. In everyday language, 'Mangel' is usually more natural. 'Vakuum' fits better in abstract situations or when you want to emphasize that the absence has created an empty space.
Nach dem Rücktritt der Chefin entstand im Team ein Vakuum.
After the boss resigned, a vacuum emerged in the team.
Wegen des Mangels an Personal bleiben heute zwei Schalter geschlossen.
Because of the staff shortage, two counters will remain closed today.