nationalization
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nationalization
The transfer of private property, especially companies or entire sectors of the economy, into state ownership.
Nach der Finanzkrise gab es eine Debatte über die Verstaatlichung systemrelevanter Banken.
After the financial crisis, there was a debate about the nationalization of systemically important banks.
'Verstaatlichung' (nationalization) belongs to a word family: the noun 'der Staat' (the state) becomes the adjective 'staatlich' (state/state-run), then the verb 'verstaatlichen' (to nationalize), and finally, through the ending '-ung', a noun again.
Die Regierung beschloss, die Energieversorgung zu verstaatlichen.
The government decided to nationalize the energy supply.
This word is a technical term from politics and economics. It is often found in the news, historical texts, and discussions in economics.
Die Verstaatlichung der Eisenbahn fand im 19. Jahrhundert statt.
The nationalization of the railway took place in the 19th century.
People often speak of the 'Verstaatlichung von Banken' (nationalization of banks), 'von Unternehmen' (of companies), or 'von Schlüsselindustrien' (of key industries). Verbs often used with it include 'fordern' (to demand), 'ablehnen' (to reject), and 'durchführen' (to carry out).
Die Opposition forderte die Verstaatlichung der großen Energiekonzerne.
The opposition demanded the nationalization of the large energy companies.
expropriation
In an Enteignung, the state legally takes property from a person or company, usually for the public good and in exchange for compensation. Verstaatlichung, by contrast, specifically refers to transferring private property into state ownership. In the case of private companies, the two processes can coincide, but they emphasize different aspects.
Durch die Verstaatlichung ging das private Unternehmen in das Eigentum des Staates über.
Through nationalization, the private company became state-owned.
Die Enteignung entzog den bisherigen Eigentümern das Unternehmen gegen eine Entschädigung.
The expropriation took the company away from its former owners in exchange for compensation.
