nationalization
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nationalization
The transfer of private property, especially companies or entire sectors of the economy, into state ownership.
Nach der Finanzkrise gab es eine Debatte über die Verstaatlichung systemrelevanter Banken.
After the financial crisis, there was a debate about the nationalization of systemically important banks.
'Verstaatlichung' (nationalization) belongs to a word family: the noun 'der Staat' (the state) becomes the adjective 'staatlich' (state/state-run), then the verb 'verstaatlichen' (to nationalize), and finally, through the ending '-ung', a noun again.
Die Regierung beschloss, die Energieversorgung zu verstaatlichen.
The government decided to nationalize the energy supply.
This word is a technical term from politics and economics. It is often found in the news, historical texts, and discussions in economics.
Die Verstaatlichung der Eisenbahn fand im 19. Jahrhundert statt.
The nationalization of the railway took place in the 19th century.
People often speak of the 'Verstaatlichung von Banken' (nationalization of banks), 'von Unternehmen' (of companies), or 'von Schlüsselindustrien' (of key industries). Verbs often used with it include 'fordern' (to demand), 'ablehnen' (to reject), and 'durchführen' (to carry out).
Die Opposition forderte die Verstaatlichung der großen Energiekonzerne.
The opposition demanded the nationalization of the large energy companies.
privatization
'Privatisierung' and 'Verstaatlichung' describe opposite directions of ownership. In 'Privatisierung' (privatization), public or state property is transferred to private individuals or companies. In 'Verstaatlichung' (nationalization), the opposite happens: private companies or sectors become property of the state. Both words often appear in politics and economics. What matters is the direction: state to private is 'Privatisierung'; private to state is 'Verstaatlichung'.
Die Regierung diskutiert die Verstaatlichung eines großen Energieunternehmens.
The government is discussing the nationalization of a large energy company.
Nach der Privatisierung gehört die Bahnstrecke nicht mehr dem Staat.
After privatization, the railway line no longer belongs to the state.