why
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why
As an interrogative adverb that asks about the reason, cause, or purpose of something. It introduces both direct questions and indirect questions (subordinate clauses).
Warum hast du mich nicht angerufen?
Why didn't you call me?
As a question word, 'warum' (why) introduces a direct question in which the conjugated verb is in position 2. But it can also introduce a subordinate clause; then the verb comes at the end of the clause.
Warum ist der Himmel blau?
Why is the sky blue?
A question with 'warum' (why) is typically answered with 'weil' (because) or 'denn' (because/for). After 'weil', a subordinate clause follows with the verb at the end; after 'denn', a main clause follows with the verb in position 2.
Warum kommst du zu spät? – Weil mein Bus Verspätung hatte.
Why are you late? – Because my bus was delayed.
'Warum?' (why?) can stand alone as a short, direct question to ask for the reason behind a previous statement. This is very common in spoken language.
Ich kann heute Abend nicht mitkommen. – Warum?
I can't come along tonight. – Why?
why
'warum' and 'wieso' are both used to ask about a reason or cause. In many direct questions, you can use both words in the same way: 'Warum kommst du spät?' and 'Wieso kommst du spät?' mean almost the same thing. 'warum' is very neutral and fits in almost all situations. In conversation, 'wieso' often sounds a little more spontaneous or personal, and sometimes a bit surprised. Both can also be used in indirect questions when you want to know for what reason something happens.
Warum seid ihr nach der Arbeit nicht zum Treffen gekommen?
Why didn't you come to the meeting after work?
Die Mitarbeiterin hat gefragt, wieso der Termin verschoben wurde.
The employee asked why the appointment had been postponed.