reality
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reality
The totality of what is real and actually exists, as opposed to appearance, fantasy, dream, or imagination.
Seine Pläne klangen gut, aber die Wirklichkeit sah leider ganz anders aus.
His plans sounded good, but unfortunately reality looked completely different.
in reality
A fixed expression meaning 'actually' or 'in truth', often expressing a contrast to a previous appearance.
Er gibt sich selbstsicher, aber in Wirklichkeit ist er sehr nervös.
He acts confident, but in reality he is very nervous.
'Wirklichkeit' (reality) is a noun derived from the adjective 'wirklich' (real). The ending '-keit' is often used in German to form abstract nouns from adjectives.
Die Wirklichkeit ist oft komplizierter als die Theorie.
Reality is often more complicated than theory.
Common phrases are 'zur Wirklichkeit werden' (to become reality), 'der Wirklichkeit entsprechen' (to correspond to reality / be true), or the contrast 'Traum und Wirklichkeit' (dream and reality).
Sein Traum, Pilot zu werden, ist endlich Wirklichkeit geworden.
His dream of becoming a pilot has finally become reality.
The expression 'in Wirklichkeit' (in reality) often appears at the beginning of a sentence in position 1. In that case, the conjugated verb moves to position 2, directly before the subject (inversion).
Er wirkt sehr entspannt. In Wirklichkeit ist er aber extrem aufgeregt.
He seems very relaxed. In reality, however, he is extremely nervous.
truth
Die Wahrheit describes a statement or thought as being correct. Die Wirklichkeit is what actually exists, often in contrast to outward appearances. Wahrheit is appropriate when assessing a statement; Wirklichkeit when referring to the real situation.
Die Wirklichkeit ist, dass das Haus leer steht, obwohl es bewohnt wirkt.
The reality is that the house is unoccupied, even though it appears to be inhabited.
Die Aussage, dass das Haus leer steht, entspricht der Wahrheit.
The statement that the house is unoccupied is true.
