reality
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reality
The totality of what actually exists, as opposed to ideas, dreams, or illusions.
Seine Pläne klingen gut, aber die Realität sieht leider oft anders aus.
His plans sound good, but unfortunately reality often looks different.
The ending '-ität' is typical for many abstract nouns in German, which often come from Latin. When you see this ending, you know it is a feminine noun (die Realität, die Qualität, die Universität).
Die Universität hat eine hohe Qualität in der Forschung.
The university has a high quality of research.
In the general sense, 'Realität' (reality) is often used in fixed expressions that describe a contrast with an idea or expectation. Common ones are 'in der Realität' (in reality), 'zur Realität werden' (to become reality), or 'den Bezug zur Realität verlieren' (to lose touch with reality).
Sein Traum, ein berühmter Musiker zu werden, ist endlich Realität geworden.
His dream of becoming a famous musician has finally become reality.
When a specific, often negative fact is meant, 'Realität' (reality) is frequently combined with adjectives like 'hart' (harsh), 'bitter' (bitter), or 'traurig' (sad). Another typical expression is 'der Realität ins Auge blicken' (to face reality).
Es ist eine harte Realität, dass nicht alle Kinder Zugang zu Bildung haben.
It is a harsh reality that not all children have access to education.
truth
'die Wahrheit' and 'die Realität' are close in meaning because both have to do with what is real. 'die Wahrheit' usually refers to statements or to whether someone is being honest. 'die Realität' means more the actual situation or the real world, often in contrast to wishes or ideas. They can be confused when you want to say that something is not just imagined, but really is that way. When it is about a statement, 'Wahrheit' fits better; when it is about actual living conditions, 'Realität' fits better.
Nach der Kündigung musste Leon sich der neuen Realität stellen.
After being laid off, Leon had to face the new reality.
Laura sagt lieber die Wahrheit, auch wenn das Gespräch dann schwierig wird.
Laura prefers to tell the truth, even if the conversation then becomes difficult.