To perceive something with the sense of smell. This is mainly used in connection with animals that smell a trail, prey, or danger.
example
Der Jagdhund witterte ein Wildschwein im dichten Gebüsch.
The hunting dog scented a wild boar in the dense bushes.
Usage tips
Accusative object
The verb 'wittern' (to scent/sense) almost always requires a direct object in the accusative. You always scent or sense 'something' or 'someone'.
EXAMPLE
Der Fuchs witterte die Gefahr und versteckte sich.
The fox sensed the danger and hid.
Context clue
You can recognize the meaning from the subject: if an animal is the subject, it is usually about the real sense of smell. If a human is the subject, it is almost always about an inkling or suspicion in the figurative sense.
EXAMPLE
Der Bär witterte den Rauch des Lagerfeuers.
The bear scented the smoke from the campfire.
Typical collocations
In connection with animals, 'wittern' (to scent) is often combined with the objects 'Beute' (prey), 'Gefahr' (danger), or 'eine Fährte' (a scent trail).
EXAMPLE
Der Wolf witterte seine Beute aus weiter Entfernung.
The wolf scented its prey from far away.
Typical collocations
In the figurative meaning for people, typical objects are abstract things like 'eine Chance' (an opportunity), 'ein gutes Geschäft' (a good deal), 'Verrat' (betrayal), or 'eine Intrige' (an intrigue/plot).
EXAMPLE
Als Investor witterte er sofort eine einmalige Chance.
As an investor, he immediately sensed a unique opportunity.
Compare with
near_synonym · confusable
wittern vs spüren
to feel / sense
'spüren' and 'wittern' can both express that you sense something or notice a danger. 'spüren' is neutral and general: you can sense a mood, uncertainty, or that something is wrong. 'wittern' is more specific. Literally, it is often used for animals that smell something. Figuratively, it means that someone senses an opportunity, danger, or suspicion. Learners may confuse the words because both have to do with an inkling. 'spüren' fits many situations, while 'wittern' sounds stronger and often somewhat figurative.
wittern
Der Hund witterte eine Spur und lief plötzlich zum Wald.
The dog scented a trail and suddenly ran toward the forest.
spüren
Schon beim Betreten des Raums spürte er, dass die Stimmung schlecht war.
As soon as he entered the room, he sensed that the mood was bad.