decomposition
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decomposition
The natural process by which organic substances are broken down by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. This leads to the decay or rotting of dead material.
Die Zersetzung der Blätter am Waldboden dauert mehrere Monate.
The decomposition of the leaves on the forest floor takes several months.
undermining
In a figurative sense, the systematic undermining and destruction of a social, political, or moral order or of a group's cohesion. The term was used especially by the Stasi in East Germany for psychological infiltration tactics.
Die ständigen Intrigen führten zur Zersetzung des Teamgeistes.
The constant intrigues led to the undermining of team spirit.
decomposition
In chemistry, the splitting of a chemical compound into simpler compounds or into its elements, often through heat, light, or electricity.
Durch Elektrolyse kann die Zersetzung von Wasser in Wasserstoff und Sauerstoff erreicht werden.
Through electrolysis, the decomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen can be achieved.
The noun 'Zersetzung' (decomposition) is derived from the verb 'zersetzen' (to decompose / undermine). The prefix 'zer-' often expresses destruction, falling apart, or dissolution, which plays a role in all meanings of the word.
Die Feuchtigkeit führte zur Zersetzung des alten Holzes.
The moisture led to the decomposition of the old wood.
You can recognize the meaning of 'Zersetzung' (decomposition / undermining) from the context. In a biological context, it is about nature and decay (leaves, corpse). In a political or social context, it is about the undermining of groups or systems (state, morality). In a chemical context, it is about the splitting of substances (compound, elements).
Die Zersetzung von Plastik in der Natur dauert Jahrhunderte.
The decomposition of plastic in nature takes centuries.
This figurative meaning is strongly connected with the history of East Germany. The State Security Service (Stasi) used 'Zersetzung' as the official term for psychological tactics intended to weaken and isolate dissidents.
In den Akten wurde die Methode der Zersetzung detailliert beschrieben.
The method of undermining was described in detail in the files.
reduction / extraction / dismantling
Both Abbau and Zersetzung can describe a biological or chemical process in which a substance changes into simpler components. Abbau is the more general term for this process; Zersetzung places particular emphasis on the splitting of a chemical compound. In a chemical description, Zersetzung is often more precise.
Die Zersetzung der Verbindung setzt bei starkem Erhitzen ein.
The compound begins to decompose when it is heated strongly.
Der Abbau des Wirkstoffs im Körper beginnt kurz nach der Einnahme.
The breakdown of the active ingredient in the body begins shortly after it is taken.
