to allocate / deal
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to allocate
To give someone a certain share of something or assign a specific task, often because the resource is limited.
Jedem Flüchtling wurde eine Decke und eine warme Mahlzeit zugeteilt.
Each refugee was allocated a blanket and a hot meal.
to deal
In a card game, to deal the cards to the other players.
Der Geber muss jedem Spieler fünf Karten zuteilen.
The dealer has to deal each player five cards.
'Zuteilen' (to allocate) is a separable verb. The prefix 'zu-' goes to the end in a main clause. In subordinate clauses and in the infinitive, the verb stays together.
Der Lehrer teilt jedem Schüler ein Thema zu.
The teacher assigns each student a topic.
This verb almost always requires a person in the dative who receives something. The structure is: jemandem (dative) etwas (accusative) zuteilen.
Man hat uns einen neuen Arbeitsplatz zugeteilt.
We were assigned a new workstation.
The verb is based on 'teilen' (to divide/share). The prefix 'zu-' emphasizes the direction of the action: something is divided and specifically given to a person or group.
Die knappen Lebensmittel wurden an die Bevölkerung zugeteilt.
The scarce food supplies were allocated to the population.
When the word is used in the context of 'Karten' (cards) or 'Spielern' (players), it means to deal the playing cards.
Wer teilt die Karten für die nächste Runde zu?
Who is dealing the cards for the next round?
to distribute / spread
Verteilen generally describes passing something on to several people. Zuteilen emphasizes the specific share that a person receives, especially when the quantity is limited. Verteilen fits the process of handing something out as a whole; Zuteilen fits the set amount assigned to each recipient.
Die Helferin teilt jedem Teilnehmer wegen des knappen Vorrats eine Flasche Wasser zu.
Because supplies are limited, the volunteer allocates one bottle of water to each participant.
Die Helferin verteilt das Trinkwasser an alle Teilnehmer.
The volunteer distributes drinking water to all the participants.
