
äußere
outer
Located outside something or belonging to its outer side; not situated inside.
Die äußere Tür muss während der Bauarbeiten geschlossen bleiben.
The outer door must remain closed during the construction work.
outer / external
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outer
Located outside something or belonging to its outer side; not situated inside.
Die äußere Tür muss während der Bauarbeiten geschlossen bleiben.
The outer door must remain closed during the construction work.

outward
Perceptible from the outside and relating to appearance.
Seine äußere Erscheinung wirkt streng, doch im Gespräch ist er sehr freundlich.
His outward appearance seems stern, but he is very friendly in conversation.

external
Caused by influences from outside or dependent on external circumstances.
Für den Unfall gab es mehrere äußere Ursachen.
There were several external causes of the accident.
| basic form | äußere |
|---|---|
| superlative | am äußersten |
| masc. | fem. | neut. | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nom. | - | - | - | -n |
| acc. | -n | - | - | -n |
| dat. | -n | -n | -n | -n |
| gen. | -n | -n | -n | -n |
Add the ending to äußere.
| masc. | fem. | neut. | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nom. | -r | - | -s | -n |
| acc. | -n | - | -s | -n |
| dat. | -n | -n | -n | -n |
| gen. | -n | -n | -n | -n |
Add the ending to äußere.
| masc. | fem. | neut. | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nom. | -r | - | -s | - |
| acc. | -n | - | -s | - |
| dat. | -m | -r | -m | -n |
| gen. | -n | -r | -n | -r |
Add the ending to äußere.
For objects and materials, typical collocations include „äußerer Rand“ (outer edge), „äußere Schicht“ (outer layer), and „äußere Hülle“ (outer covering). „Am äußeren Rand“ (at the outer edge) describes the location of something.
Am äußeren Rand des Tellers liegt ein kleines Stück Brot.
A small piece of bread is lying at the outer edge of the plate.
The expression „jemanden nach dem äußeren Erscheinungsbild beurteilen“ (to judge someone by their outward appearance) is often used when talking about first impressions or prejudices. „Nach“ with the dative names the basis for the judgment.
Man sollte Menschen nicht nur nach ihrem äußeren Erscheinungsbild beurteilen.
People should not be judged solely by their outward appearance.
Common collocations include „äußere Umstände“ (external circumstances), „äußere Einflüsse“ (external influences), and „äußerer Druck“ (external pressure). The expression „unter äußerem Druck stehen“ (to be under external pressure) is often used in connection with decisions; „unter“ takes the dative here.
Bei ihrer Entscheidung stand die Regierung unter äußerem Druck.
The government was under external pressure when making its decision.