to do to
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to do something to someone
To intentionally cause a person harm, suffering, or injustice.
Ich kann nicht glauben, dass er seiner eigenen Familie so etwas antun konnte.
I can't believe that he could do something like that to his own family.
to really appeal to someone
To have a strong fascination or attraction for someone; to be liked very much by someone.
Dieses kleine, rote Auto hat es mir wirklich angetan.
This little red car really appeals to me.
to harm oneself
A euphemistic way of saying to commit suicide.
Nach dem schweren Schicksalsschlag hatten die Freunde Angst, er könnte sich etwas antun.
After the severe blow of fate, his friends were afraid he might harm himself.
'Antun' is a separable verb. The prefix 'an-' goes at the end in a main clause. In subordinate clauses, the verb stays together.
Was tust du mir da an?
What are you doing to me?
In this meaning, the verb always needs a person in the dative to whom something is done. The structure is: subject (nom.) + person (dat.) + thing (acc.) + an.
Er hat seinem Freund großes Unrecht angetan.
He did his friend a great injustice.
This meaning exists only in the fixed expression 'es hat jemandem (Dativ) etwas (Nominativ) angetan' (something really appealed to someone). The 'es' is a fixed part of the construction.
Die Musik dieser Band hat es mir sofort angetan.
The music of this band appealed to me immediately.
This meaning is always used reflexively: 'sich (Dativ) etwas antun' (to harm oneself). The word 'etwas' (something) is a fixed part of the expression and is not specified further. The expression is a circumlocution and is perceived as less direct.
Alle machten sich Sorgen, dass sie sich etwas antun könnte.
Everyone was worried that she might harm herself.
damage / harm
Schaden refers to the disadvantage or impairment suffered by a person. Antun, on the other hand, refers to a specific action through which someone intentionally causes another person harm, suffering, or injustice. Schaden fits the result, while antun describes the deliberate harmful action.
Mit dem Betrug tat er ihr bewusst großes Unrecht an.
He knowingly did her a great injustice through the fraud.
Durch den Betrug entstand ihr ein großer finanzieller Schaden.
The fraud caused her significant financial harm.
