postponement / deferment
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postponement
The moving of an action, appointment, or deadline to a later point in time; a delay.
Wir haben für die Abgabe der Projektarbeit einen Aufschub von einer Woche erhalten.
We received a postponement of one week for submitting the project paper.
deferment
In a legal context, the temporary suspension of a sentence or legal obligation.
Der Anwalt beantragte für seinen Mandanten einen Aufschub des Haftantritts.
The lawyer requested a deferment of the start of his client's prison sentence.
'Der Aufschub' (postponement/deferment) is the noun related to the separable verb 'aufschieben' (to postpone). When you postpone a task, you ask for an 'Aufschub' (postponement).
Ich kann diese Entscheidung nicht länger aufschieben.
I cannot postpone this decision any longer.
Common verbs in this context are 'einen Aufschub beantragen' (to request a postponement), 'einen Aufschub bekommen' (to get a postponement), or 'jemandem einen Aufschub gewähren' (to grant someone a postponement). It is often about a postponement for a deadline, a payment, or a task.
Der Student hat für seine Hausarbeit einen Aufschub beantragt.
The student requested a postponement for his term paper.
The duration of the 'Aufschub' (postponement) is often expressed with the preposition 'von' and the dative.
Wir haben einen Aufschub von zwei Wochen bekommen.
We got a postponement of two weeks.
This meaning is mainly used in official and legal language. Typical contexts are court proceedings or administrative orders.
Der Verurteilte erhielt einen Aufschub des Strafantritts aus gesundheitlichen Gründen.
The convicted person received a deferment of the start of his sentence for health reasons.
extension / extra time
An extension lengthens an existing deadline. Aufschub more generally means that an action that is due or an appointment takes place later. With a submission, both are possible: Verlängerung emphasizes the longer period, while Aufschub emphasizes the later action.
Wegen seiner Krankheit bittet er um Aufschub und will die Arbeit am Freitag abgeben.
Because of his illness, he asks for a postponement and plans to submit the work on Friday.
Wegen seiner Krankheit bittet er um eine Verlängerung der Abgabefrist bis Freitag.
Because of his illness, he asks for an extension of the submission deadline until Friday.
