extension / extra time
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extension
The postponement of an end date or deadline, for example for a contract, subscription, or permit.
Ich habe eine Verlängerung meines Arbeitsvertrags um ein weiteres Jahr erhalten.
I received a one-year extension of my employment contract.
extra time
The additional playing time in a sports event that is played when there is no winner after regular time.
Da es nach 90 Minuten unentschieden stand, ging das Pokalfinale in die Verlängerung.
Since the score was tied after 90 minutes, the cup final went into extra time.
extension
An additional part that makes something physically longer, or the process of making something longer itself.
Für das große Familienessen müssen wir die Verlängerung in den Esstisch einsetzen.
For the big family dinner, we need to put the extension into the dining table.
'Verlängerung' (extension) is a noun derived from the verb 'verlängern' (to extend / to make longer). The verb itself means 'to make longer' (lang → länger → verlängern: long → longer → extend). So the 'Verlängerung' (extension) is the result or process of making something longer.
Können Sie bitte mein Hotelzimmer um eine Nacht verlängern?
Could you please extend my hotel room by one night?
In bureaucratic or business contexts, 'Verlängerung' (extension) is often used with nouns like 'Vertrag' (contract), 'Visum' (visa), 'Frist' (deadline), or 'Abonnement' (subscription). You can 'eine Verlängerung beantragen' (apply for an extension), 'bekommen' (get one), or 'genehmigen' (approve one).
Ich muss dringend die Verlängerung für mein Visum beantragen.
I urgently need to apply for an extension for my visa.
In sports contexts, there is the fixed expression 'in die Verlängerung gehen' (to go into extra time). It means that the additional playing time begins because the score is tied.
Das Spiel war so spannend, dass es in die Verlängerung gehen musste.
The game was so exciting that it had to go into extra time.
This meaning refers to a physical additional part. Typical examples are a 'Tischverlängerung' (table extension) or a 'Verlängerungskabel' (extension cord) for electricity.
Hast du ein Verlängerungskabel? Die Steckdose ist zu weit weg.
Do you have an extension cord? The outlet is too far away.
expansion / extension
Both words can refer to an additional part that makes something larger. Verlängerung extends something primarily in its length, while Erweiterung increases its scope more generally. Verlängerung is suitable for a longer route, while Erweiterung is suitable for additional areas or functions.
Die Verlängerung der Bahnlinie führt nun bis zum Nachbardorf.
The extension of the railway line now reaches the neighboring village.
Die Erweiterung der Bahnlinie umfasst einen neuen Bahnhof und ein zusätzliches Gleis.
The expansion of the railway line includes a new station and an additional track.
