to exclude
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to exclude
To deliberately not include someone in a community or group, thereby isolating them socially.
In der Schule wurde er wegen seiner Kleidung von den anderen ausgegrenzt.
At school, he was excluded by the others because of his clothes.
'Ausgrenzen' (to exclude) is a separable verb. The prefix 'aus-' comes at the end in a main clause. In subordinate clauses and in the infinitive with 'zu', the verb stays together.
Die anderen Kinder grenzen ihn leider aus.
Unfortunately, the other children exclude him.
The verb consists of the prefix 'aus-' (out) and the verb 'grenzen' (from 'Grenze', border/boundary). So the literal meaning is to position someone or something outside a boundary.
Man sollte niemanden wegen seiner Herkunft ausgrenzen.
One should not exclude anyone because of their background.
The verb is very often used reflexively in the form 'sich ausgegrenzt fühlen' (to feel excluded). It describes the feeling of not being accepted by a group or of being isolated.
Seitdem er umgezogen ist, fühlt er sich in der neuen Stadt ausgegrenzt.
Since he moved, he has felt excluded in the new city.
If you want to name the group from which someone is excluded, use the preposition 'aus' with the dative.
Er wurde aus dem Freundeskreis ausgegrenzt.
He was excluded from the circle of friends.
If the object is a person, it is usually about social isolation. If the object is a thing or a topic, it usually means spatial or content-related separation.
Sie grenzten den neuen Kollegen von Anfang an aus.
They excluded the new colleague from the very beginning.
to exclude / rule out
'ausschließen' and 'ausgrenzen' can both mean that someone does not belong to a group or is not allowed to take part. 'ausschließen' is more general and can also happen because of a rule, a decision, or an official reason. 'ausgrenzen' emphasizes the social side more strongly: a person is deliberately not included and feels alone or not accepted. The words can be confused because in both cases someone is left outside. When it is about participation or rules, 'ausschließen' often fits. When it is about community, bullying, or social coldness, 'ausgrenzen' is more precise.
In der Pause haben die anderen Schüler Tom ausgegrenzt und nicht mit ihm gesprochen.
During the break, the other students excluded Tom and did not speak to him.
Der Veranstalter schließt Gäste ohne Ticket vom Konzert aus.
The organizer excludes guests without a ticket from the concert.