to affect
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to affect
To have an effect or influence on something or someone. Describes the consequences or results of an action or event.
Der Streik wird sich auf den gesamten Zugverkehr auswirken.
The strike will affect the entire train service.
'Auswirken' (to affect) is a separable verb. The prefix 'aus' comes at the end in a main clause. In subordinate clauses and in the infinitive with 'zu', the verb stays together.
Die neuen Regeln wirken sich auf alle Mitarbeiter aus.
The new rules affect all employees.
This verb is always reflexive ('sich auswirken') and is used with the preposition 'auf' and the accusative. You cannot say 'etwas wirkt jemanden aus'.
Die Krise wirkt sich auf die Wirtschaft aus.
The crisis is affecting the economy.
Adverbs are often used to describe the type of effect. Typical combinations are 'sich positiv/negativ auswirken' (to have a positive/negative effect), 'sich stark/kaum auswirken' (to have a strong/barely noticeable effect), or 'sich langfristig/kurzfristig auswirken' (to have a long-term/short-term effect).
Regelmäßiger Sport wirkt sich positiv auf die Gesundheit aus.
Regular exercise has a positive effect on health.
to seem / take effect
'wirken' and 'sich auswirken' both have to do with an effect or influence. 'wirken' more directly describes that something has an effect, for example a medication or a method. 'sich auswirken auf' is used when you emphasize the consequences for a person, thing, or situation. Learners may confuse the words because both sound like they are about an effect. A practical guide: something 'wirkt' directly; something 'wirkt sich auf etwas aus' when you are talking about the consequences.
Zu wenig Schlaf wirkt sich am nächsten Tag auf die Konzentration aus.
Too little sleep affects concentration the next day.
Das neue Medikament wirkt schon nach einer Stunde.
The new medication takes effect after just one hour.