to explain / set out
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to set out
To explain or present a situation, a plan, or reasons in detail and in an understandable way. This word is usually used in a formal context.
In seiner Rede legte der Minister die Gründe für die neuen Maßnahmen dar.
In his speech, the minister set out the reasons for the new measures.
'Darlegen' (to set out) is a separable verb. The prefix 'dar-' comes at the end in main clauses. In subordinate clauses and in the infinitive with 'zu', the verb stays together.
Der Anwalt legte die Fakten klar dar.
The lawyer set out the facts clearly.
This verb belongs to formal language. It is typically used in presentations, official documents, academic texts, or politics.
Die Wissenschaftlerin legte ihre Forschungsergebnisse auf der Konferenz dar.
The scientist set out her research findings at the conference.
You usually set out abstract things. Common combinations are: 'die Gründe darlegen' (to set out the reasons), 'einen Plan darlegen' (to set out a plan), 'einen Standpunkt darlegen' (to set out a point of view), or 'die Fakten darlegen' (to set out the facts).
Können Sie bitte kurz Ihren Plan für das Projekt darlegen?
Could you please briefly set out your plan for the project?
to explain / declare
'erklären' and 'darlegen' can both mean making a situation or matter understandable. 'erklären' is very normal in everyday language and works for both simple and difficult topics. 'darlegen' sounds more formal and more detailed. It is often used when someone presents reasons, a plan, or a position in an organized way, for example in a meeting, in a report, or in front of a group. In everyday life, people usually say 'erklären'; 'darlegen' is more suitable when it sounds official or very factual.
Im Bericht legt die Ärztin dar, warum die Behandlung notwendig ist.
In the report, the doctor sets out why the treatment is necessary.
Zu Hause erklärt ihr Vater ihr die Aufgabe noch einmal.
At home, her father explains the task to her again.