jihad
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jihad
In Western usage, usually understood as 'holy war', meaning armed struggle to defend or spread Islam. This interpretation is promoted by extremist groups.
Terrorgruppen rufen fälschlicherweise zum globalen Dschihad auf, um ihre Gewalt zu legitimieren.
Terrorist groups falsely call for global jihad in order to legitimize their violence.
The word has two very different meanings. In the West, it is usually known as 'Heiliger Krieg' (holy war). In Islamic theology, however, it primarily refers to the personal, spiritual effort to be a good person.
Die Nachrichten sprachen vom Dschihad der Terroristen.
The news spoke of the terrorists' jihad.
The term is highly politically and religiously charged and is often misunderstood. In public discussions, one should be aware of the different interpretations.
In der Podiumsdiskussion wurde die komplexe Bedeutung von „Dschihad“ thematisiert.
The complex meaning of 'Dschihad' (jihad) was addressed in the panel discussion.
The meaning 'Heiliger Krieg' (holy war) is used almost exclusively in the context of extremist and terrorist groups. Typical verbs are 'zum Dschihad aufrufen' (to call for jihad) or 'einen Dschihad führen' (to wage jihad).
Die Gruppe rief ihre Anhänger zum bewaffneten Dschihad auf.
The group called on its followers to engage in armed jihad.
The spiritual meaning is often referred to as 'der große Dschihad' (the greater jihad) to distinguish it from 'der kleine Dschihad' (the lesser jihad, armed struggle). Here it is about the inner struggle against negative traits.
Im Islam gilt der Kampf gegen das eigene Ego als der große Dschihad.
In Islam, the struggle against one's own ego is considered the greater jihad.
effort / exertion
'die Anstrengung' and 'der Dschihad' can both have to do with a strong inner effort. 'Anstrengung' is a normal everyday word and can be used for any goal, for example when studying, working, or doing sports. 'Dschihad', by contrast, is a religious term from Islam. In its theological meaning, it refers to the inner struggle against evil and for a good life. For that reason, 'Dschihad' is not a normal substitute for 'Anstrengung'. It only fits in religious or explanatory contexts.
Im Religionsunterricht wird der Dschihad auch als innerer Kampf für ein gutes Leben erklärt.
In religious education class, jihad is also explained as an inner struggle for a good life.
Mit viel Anstrengung hat Moritz die Prüfung am Ende bestanden.
With a lot of effort, Moritz passed the exam in the end.