ibid.
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ibid.
A word used in academic texts and citations that means 'in the same place'. It refers to the source mentioned immediately before and is often abbreviated as 'ebd.' in German.
Vgl. Müller 2021, S. 45; ebenda, S. 47.
Cf. Müller 2021, p. 45; ibid., p. 47.
The word is made up of 'eben' (exactly) and 'da' (there). Its literal meaning is therefore 'exactly there' or 'in exactly the same place'.
Die erste Referenz findet sich auf Seite 12, die zweite ebenda.
The first reference can be found on page 12, the second ibid.
'Ebenda' (ibid.) is used almost exclusively in written language, especially in academic or legal texts. It practically never occurs in spoken language.
Siehe dazu Schmidt (2020), S. 15, und ebenda, S. 23.
See Schmidt (2020), p. 15, and ibid., p. 23.
In footnotes and source references, 'ebenda' (ibid.) is very often abbreviated as 'ebd.' to save space. This abbreviation is very common in academic circles.
1. Meier, Hans. Die deutsche Sprache. Berlin 2019, S. 50. 2. Ebd., S. 55.
1. Meier, Hans. The German Language. Berlin 2019, p. 50. 2. Ibid., p. 55.
there
'dort' and 'ebenda' can both refer to a place or point. 'dort' is very general and can refer to a place or also to a point in a text. 'ebenda' is much more specific: it is used mainly in academic texts or source references and means 'in the same place as just before'. In everyday speech, 'ebenda' sounds unnatural. The words are easy to confuse because both can point back to something already mentioned. In normal conversations or simple texts, you usually use 'dort'. In footnotes or quotations, 'ebenda' can be appropriate.
Im nächsten Zitat steht nur „ebenda“, weil die Quelle schon direkt davor genannt wurde.
In the next quotation, it only says 'ebenda' because the source was already named immediately before.
Heute wird die Familie dort in der Schule über das neue Projekt sprechen.
Today, the family will talk there at the school about the new project.