perceived
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perceived
Describes a feeling or perception that is experienced subjectively. It expresses how something is felt or perceived by a person, not necessarily how it is objectively.
Die empfundene Temperatur war wegen des starken Windes viel niedriger als die gemessene.
The perceived temperature was much lower than the measured temperature because of the strong wind.
'Empfunden' is the past participle of the verb 'empfinden' (to feel, to perceive) and is used here as an adjective. It always describes how something is subjectively felt by a person.
Seine Entschuldigung klang nicht ehrlich empfunden.
His apology did not sound sincerely felt.
This adjective is used almost exclusively attributively, that is, before a noun. The construction 'Das ist empfunden' (That is perceived) is uncommon.
Die empfundene Stille im Wald war sehr angenehm.
The perceived silence in the forest was very pleasant.
'Empfunden' is often combined with nouns that describe a subjective perception in contrast to objective facts. Typical phrases are 'empfundene Temperatur' (perceived temperature), 'empfundene Gerechtigkeit' (perceived justice), or 'empfundene Geschwindigkeit' (perceived speed).
Trotz der hohen Arbeitslosenzahlen ist die empfundene Job-Sicherheit in der Region gut.
Despite the high unemployment figures, perceived job security in the region is good.
felt / perceived
Gefühlt and empfunden both refer to a subjective perception. „Gefühlt“ can express an approximate or deliberately exaggerated estimate of duration, quantity, or intensity, while „empfunden“ focuses more strongly on the actual personal experience. Use „gefühlt“ for an estimate and „empfunden“ for the effect as it was experienced.
Die kurze Wartezeit wurde von den Kindern trotzdem als sehr unangenehm empfunden.
The children nevertheless found the short wait very unpleasant.
Die kurze Wartezeit dauerte für die ungeduldigen Kinder gefühlt eine Stunde.
The short wait felt like an hour to the impatient children.
