bile / gall
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bile / gallbladder
The bodily fluid produced by the liver that helps with digestion. In a broader sense, also the organ that stores this fluid (gallbladder).
Fettiges Essen kann die Galle belasten.
Fatty food can put strain on the gallbladder.
You can easily recognize the meaning from the context. If it is about medicine, the body, or digestion, the organ is meant. If it is about strong negative feelings such as rage or anger, the figurative meaning is meant.
Nach der Operation hatte er Probleme mit der Galle.
After the operation, he had problems with his gallbladder.
A common idiom is 'Gift und Galle spucken' (to spit poison and bile). It means that someone is extremely angry and says very nasty or hateful things.
Nach der Kündigung hat er nur noch Gift und Galle gespuckt.
After being fired, he did nothing but spit poison and bile.
In the idiom 'jemandem kommt die Galle hoch' (someone's bile rises), the person who becomes angry is always in the dative. The subject of the sentence is 'die Galle' (the bile).
Als ich das Chaos sah, kam mir die Galle hoch.
When I saw the chaos, my bile rose.
annoyance / trouble
'der Ärger' and 'die Galle' can both have to do with anger or strong annoyance. 'der Ärger' is the normal word for this feeling and fits almost all everyday situations. 'die Galle' is used in this meaning only figuratively, especially in fixed expressions like 'Da kommt mir die Galle hoch' (that makes my bile rise / that makes me furious). It sounds stronger, more emotional, and somewhat colloquial. For learners, it is important to know: 'Galle' is actually also a word from the body-related field; when people talk about feelings, it is usually meant figuratively.
Wenn ich diese ungerechte Entscheidung sehe, kommt mir die Galle hoch.
When I see this unfair decision, it makes my bile rise.
Nach dem Streit mit dem Kunden war der Ärger im Team groß.
After the argument with the customer, there was a lot of annoyance within the team.