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Introduces a subordinate clause that describes how something happens or how a goal is achieved. It usually means “by doing so” or “in such a way that.”
Sie verbessert ihre Deutschkenntnisse, indem sie jeden Tag deutsche Bücher liest.
She improves her German skills by reading German books every day.
“Indem” introduces a subordinate clause, so the conjugated verb comes at the end. If the “indem” clause comes first, the conjugated verb follows immediately in the main clause.
Indem er regelmäßig übt, verbessert er seine Aussprache.
By practicing regularly, he improves his pronunciation.
Sie spart Geld, indem sie öfter zu Hause kocht.
She saves money by cooking at home more often.
“Indem” is often used to explain how an action is carried out or how a goal is achieved. The subject in the “indem” clause can be the same as the subject of the main clause, but it does not have to be.
Die Schülerin lernt neue Wörter, indem sie sie in eigenen Sätzen verwendet.
The student learns new words by using them in her own sentences.
Der Streit wurde beigelegt, indem beide Seiten aufeinander zugingen.
The dispute was settled by both sides reaching out to each other.
“Indem” often follows verbs and expressions such as “sich verbessern” (to improve), “etwas erreichen” (to achieve something), “Probleme vermeiden” (to avoid problems), or “Zeit sparen” (to save time). It is always followed by a complete subordinate clause with a conjugated verb.
Er spart Zeit, indem er seine Termine am Vorabend plant.
He saves time by planning his appointments the evening before.
