furthermore
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furthermore
An outdated adverb derived from Latin that means 'likewise,' 'similarly,' or 'furthermore.' It is used almost exclusively in formal, often legal or academic lists to introduce a new point.
Der Vertrag regelt erstens die Mietdauer, zweitens die Kaltmiete und item die Umlage der Nebenkosten.
The contract regulates, first, the rental period, second, the base rent, and furthermore the allocation of service charges.
This word is a well-known false friend. In German, 'item' (furthermore) is a very rare, outdated adverb meaning 'weiterhin' (furthermore) in lists, not the English word 'item' for an object or a point on a list.
Der Angeklagte muss die Gerichtskosten tragen, item eine Geldstrafe von 500 Euro zahlen.
The defendant must pay the court costs and furthermore pay a fine of 500 euros.
The word 'item' (furthermore) is highly outdated and today is used almost only in very formal, legal, or official texts. It does not occur in everyday speech.
In alten Urkunden findet man oft Aufzählungen, die mit „item“ einen neuen Punkt einleiten.
In old documents, you often find lists that introduce a new point with 'item' (furthermore).
'Item' (furthermore) typically appears at the beginning of a sentence or clause to mark another point in a list. It functions similarly to 'Erstens, zweitens, ...' (first, second, ...) or 'Ferner' (furthermore).
Zu den Pflichten des Mieters gehören: die pünktliche Zahlung der Miete, die Pflege der Wohnung, item die Einhaltung der Hausordnung.
The tenant's obligations include: paying the rent on time, taking care of the apartment, and furthermore complying with the house rules.
also / besides
'außerdem' and 'das Item' can both introduce another point in a list. In modern German, however, 'außerdem' is the normal word for everyday life, school, work, and conversations. 'das Item' in this meaning is very old-fashioned and occurs almost only in very formal, legal, or academic lists. For learners, the important point is: if you simply want to say 'noch dazu' (in addition), 'außerdem' is natural. 'das Item' sounds outdated in normal sentences and only fits special types of text.
In dem alten Vertrag steht: Item, der Mieter trägt die Kosten für kleine Reparaturen.
The old contract states: Furthermore, the tenant bears the costs of minor repairs.
Für den Termin brauchen wir die Ausweise, außerdem müssen wir das Formular mitbringen.
For the appointment, we need our IDs; besides, we have to bring the form.