by means of / using
mittels + genitive
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by means of
With the help of something or through the use of something; it usually introduces a complement in the genitive and is used mainly in written or formal language.
Die Identität der Person konnte mittels eines DNA-Tests festgestellt werden.
The person's identity was established by means of a DNA test.
'Mittels' (by means of) is normally used with the genitive. With a noun phrase, the article or the noun ending often indicates the genitive.
Mittels eines speziellen Programms wurde der Fehler gefunden.
The error was found by means of a special program.
'Mittels' (by means of) is often combined with terms for methods, data, devices, or measures. Typical patterns are 'mittels moderner Verfahren' (by means of modern methods), 'mittels statistischer Daten' (by means of statistical data), and 'mittels technischer Geräte' (by means of technical devices).
Mittels statistischer Daten konnten die Forschenden die Entwicklung genau untersuchen.
By means of statistical data, the researchers were able to examine the development in detail.
If an unmodified plural without an article follows 'mittels' (by means of), the genitive cannot be recognized. In that case, the dative is usually used, for example 'mittels Seilen' (by means of ropes). With an adjective, the genitive remains recognizable: 'mittels gezielter Maßnahmen' (by means of targeted measures).
Die Ladung wurde mittels Seilen gesichert.
The cargo was secured using ropes.
Mittels gezielter Maßnahmen konnte die Stadt den Verkehr beruhigen.
By means of targeted measures, the city was able to calm the traffic.
