below / following
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below / following
Something that immediately follows in the text or is listed below. The word is mainly used in formal written language, such as in contracts or official letters, to refer to the following part of a document.
Bitte beachten Sie die nachstehend aufgeführten Bedingungen.
Please note the conditions listed below.
The word is made up of 'nach' (after) and 'stehend' (standing). It literally means “that which stands after it” and thus refers very logically to the following part of the text.
Alle Details finden Sie in der nachstehenden Liste.
You will find all details in the list below.
'Nachstehend' (below/following) is a typical word of administrative and written language. You will find it in contracts, official letters, or academic papers, but almost never in everyday spoken language.
Wir bitten Sie, das nachstehende Formular auszufüllen.
We ask you to fill out the following form.
'Nachstehend' (below/following) can stand as an adjective before a noun or be used as an adverb referring to a verb. Both uses are very common in formal texts.
Die nachstehenden Regelungen treten sofort in Kraft.
The following regulations take effect immediately.
down / below
'unten' and 'nachstehend' can both refer to a later point in a text or document. 'unten' is neutral and simple; you use it in emails, exercises, lists, or short notes. 'nachstehend' is more formal and usually comes before a noun, for example 'die nachstehenden Informationen' (the following information). Learners may confuse the words because both roughly refer to what comes further down in the text. In everyday language, 'unten' sounds more natural; in contracts or official letters, 'nachstehend' fits better.
Bitte lesen Sie die nachstehenden Hinweise sorgfältig.
Please read the following notes carefully.
Die genaue Adresse findet ihr unten in der Nachricht.
You can find the exact address below in the message.