nordöstlich
northeastern
Indicates a direction or location that lies between north and east.
Die Insel Rügen liegt nordöstlich von Hamburg.
The island of Rügen lies northeast of Hamburg.

northeastern
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northeastern
Indicates a direction or location that lies between north and east.
Die Insel Rügen liegt nordöstlich von Hamburg.
The island of Rügen lies northeast of Hamburg.

The word is made up of the compass directions 'Nord' (north) and 'Ost' (east), followed by the ending '-lich'. This pattern works for all combined compass directions, such as 'südwestlich' (southwestern) or 'nordwestlich' (northwestern).
Der Wind kommt aus nordöstlicher Richtung.
The wind is coming from a northeasterly direction.
'Nordöstlich' (northeastern/northeast) can be used in three ways: as an adverb, as an adverb with 'von' (of/from) to indicate a relative position, and as an adjective before a noun.
Wir fahren nordöstlich.
We are driving northeast.
As an adjective, 'nordöstlich' (northeastern) is often combined with geographical terms such as 'Küste' (coast), 'Region' (region), 'Teil' (part), or 'Grenze' (border).
Die nordöstliche Küste ist bekannt für ihre schönen Strände.
The northeastern coast is known for its beautiful beaches.
northern
'nördlich' and 'nordöstlich' both describe a location or direction on a map. Both have to do with the north. 'nördlich' simply means in the north or on the north side of something. 'nordöstlich' is more precise: it lies between north and east. Learners may confuse the words because 'nordöstlich' also points somewhat north. If something is directly or generally in the north, you say 'nördlich'. If it is also shifted toward the east, you say 'nordöstlich'.

Der See liegt nordöstlich der Stadt, etwa zwanzig Minuten mit dem Auto.
The lake is northeast of the city, about twenty minutes by car.
Das kleine Dorf liegt nördlich von Berlin.
The small village is north of Berlin.