column / pillar
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column
A vertical, often cylindrical structural element that supports a ceiling, roof, or another part of a building.
Die antiken griechischen Tempel sind für ihre massiven Marmorsäulen bekannt.
Ancient Greek temples are known for their massive marble columns.
pillar
In a figurative sense, an important supporting person or a fundamental element for an organization, a family, or society.
Sie ist eine tragende Säule unseres Vereins und engagiert sich seit über 20 Jahren.
She is a supporting pillar of our club and has been involved for over 20 years.
column
Something that has a tall, narrow shape reminiscent of a column.
Eine dicke Rauchsäule stieg aus dem Schornstein der Fabrik auf.
A thick column of smoke rose from the factory chimney.
You can recognize the meaning of 'Säule' (column/pillar) from the context. If it is about architecture, it means a structural element. If people speak of a person or a concept (e.g. for a company), the figurative meaning is intended. In connection with smoke, water, or fire, it describes a tall, narrow shape.
Die Brücke wird von dicken Betonsäulen getragen.
The bridge is supported by thick concrete columns.
In the figurative meaning, 'Säule' (pillar) is often combined with the adjective 'tragend' (supporting) or 'wichtig' (important). It is usually followed by a genitive or 'von' to say what the person or thing is a support for, e.g. 'eine Säule der Gesellschaft' (a pillar of society) or 'eine Säule des Teams' (a pillar of the team).
Der erfahrene Manager war eine tragende Säule des Unternehmens.
The experienced manager was a supporting pillar of the company.
To describe a tall, rising shape, 'Säule' (column) is often combined with nouns from nature. Typical examples are 'Rauchsäule' (column of smoke), 'Wassersäule' (column of water), or 'Feuersäule' (pillar of fire).
Die Feuerwehr sah schon von Weitem die schwarze Rauchsäule.
The fire department could already see the black column of smoke from far away.
post
Pfosten and Säule can both be vertical structural components that serve a supporting function. A Pfosten is usually a simple, beam-shaped part of a construction. A Säule is often round and is used especially for architecturally designed or imposing supports.
Eine runde Steinsäule trägt das Dach des repräsentativen Eingangs.
A round stone column supports the roof of the grand entrance.
Ein schlichter Holzpfosten trägt das Dach der kleinen Terrasse.
A simple wooden post supports the roof of the small patio.
