sanction
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sanction
A punitive measure, usually imposed by a state or a community of states against another state in order to force it to behave in a certain way. Often these are economic restrictions.
Die Vereinten Nationen haben neue Sanktionen gegen das Regime beschlossen.
The United Nations has decided on new sanctions against the regime.
sanction
A punishment or negative consequence that follows the violation of a rule, law, or social norm.
Wer bei der Prüfung betrügt, muss mit harten Sanktionen rechnen.
Anyone who cheats on the exam must expect harsh sanctions.
approval / sanction
In very formal or legal language: the official approval, confirmation, or authorization of an action by an authority.
Das Gesetz bedarf zur Gültigkeit der Sanktion durch den Präsidenten.
For the law to be valid, it requires sanction by the president.
In political and economic contexts, 'Sanktion' (sanction) is often combined with certain verbs. You can 'verhängen' (impose), 'beschließen' (decide on), 'erlassen' (enact), 'verschärfen' (tighten), or 'aufheben' (lift) sanctions.
Die Staatengemeinschaft drohte damit, weitere Sanktionen zu verhängen.
The community of states threatened to impose further sanctions.
When sanctions are directed as a punitive measure against a state, organization, or person, the preposition 'gegen' (against) is used with the accusative.
Die Sanktionen gegen das Unternehmen wurden nach wenigen Wochen wieder aufgehoben.
The sanctions against the company were lifted again after a few weeks.
The meaning 'Genehmigung' (approval) or 'Bestätigung' (confirmation) is very rare and occurs almost only in legal or administrative language. In everyday language, 'Sanktion' (sanction) practically always means a negative consequence or punishment.
Ohne die Sanktion des Vorstands konnte der Vertrag nicht unterzeichnet werden.
Without the board's approval, the contract could not be signed.
punishment / penalty
A Strafe is typically the specific negative consequence imposed on a person after an offense. A Sanktion is a formal measure for enforcing rules and can also affect states, institutions, or groups. It therefore does not have to be a personal punishment.
Der Verband verhängte wegen des Regelverstoßes eine Sanktion gegen die gesamte Mannschaft.
The association imposed a sanction on the entire team for breaking the rules.
Der Verein gab dem Spieler für den Regelverstoß eine Strafe.
The club gave the player a penalty for breaking the rules.
