to overload
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to overload
To burden something or someone with too much weight, work, or demands so that the capacity limit is exceeded. This can apply to physical structures, technical systems, or people.
Wenn du so viele schwere Kisten auf einmal trägst, überlastest du deinen Rücken.
If you carry so many heavy boxes at once, you'll overload your back.
'Überlasten' (to overload) is an inseparable verb. The prefix 'über-' remains firmly attached to the verb in all sentence forms and is not placed at the end of the sentence.
Du überlastest den Motor, wenn du so schnell fährst.
You overload the engine if you drive that fast.
The word is made up of 'über-' (too much) and 'lasten' (to be a burden, to weigh). The meaning 'etwas oder jemanden mit zu viel Last belasten' (to burden something or someone with too much load) can therefore be directly derived from its parts.
Überlaste den Tisch nicht, er ist nicht sehr stabil.
Don't overload the table; it's not very stable.
In technical contexts, 'überlasten' (to overload) is very often used in the passive to describe the state of a system. Typical phrases are 'das Netz ist überlastet' (the network is overloaded) or 'der Server war überlastet' (the server was overloaded).
Wegen der vielen Anrufe ist das Telefonnetz komplett überlastet.
Because of the many calls, the telephone network is completely overloaded.
too much
'zu viel' and 'überlasten' are connected when a limit is exceeded. 'zu viel' describes the amount or intensity: there is more work, weight, or data than is appropriate. 'überlasten' is a verb and says more specifically that someone or something can no longer function well because of this amount. This can be a person, a bridge, a server, or a system. 'zu viel' is more general; 'überlasten' is especially suitable when a capacity limit is involved.
Am Montag haben zu viele Anmeldungen den Server des Kurses überlastet.
On Monday, too many registrations overloaded the course server.
Beim Einkaufen hast du zu viel in den Rucksack gepackt.
When shopping, you packed too much into the backpack.