overthrow / toppling
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overthrow
The violent or sudden removal of an existing government or political order, often through a revolution or a coup.
Die Opposition plante einen politischen Umsturz, um die Diktatur zu beenden.
The opposition planned a political overthrow in order to end the dictatorship.
The word is composed of the prefix 'um-' and the noun 'der Sturz' (fall). Here, 'um-' indicates a radical change or reversal. An 'Umsturz' (overthrow) is therefore a kind of 'reversing fall' of existing conditions.
Der Sturz des Ministers war eine große Überraschung.
The fall of the minister was a big surprise.
'Der Umsturz' (overthrow) is the noun for the verb 'umstürzen' (to overthrow / to topple). When a government 'umstürzt' (collapses) or is 'umgestürzt' (overthrown), the result is an 'Umsturz' (overthrow).
Die Rebellen versuchten, die Regierung zu umstürzen.
The rebels tried to overthrow the government.
In a political context, 'Umsturz' (overthrow) is often combined with certain verbs and adjectives. Typical phrases are 'ein politischer Umsturz' (a political overthrow), 'einen Umsturz planen' (to plan an overthrow), or 'zu einem Umsturz aufrufen' (to call for an overthrow).
Die Gruppe wurde beschuldigt, einen Umsturz geplant zu haben.
The group was accused of having planned an overthrow.
revolution
'die Revolution' and 'der Umsturz' can both describe the overthrow of a political order. However, 'Revolution' usually means a broader movement in which the state and society change fundamentally. 'Umsturz' puts stronger emphasis on the removal of a government or order, often suddenly or violently. So a revolution can lead to an 'Umsturz'. If you mean the whole historical movement and its consequences, 'Revolution' is more natural. If you mainly mean the overthrow of the government, 'Umsturz' is more precise.
Nach dem Umsturz übernahm eine neue Regierung die Macht.
After the overthrow, a new government took power.
Im Geschichtsunterricht sprechen wir über die Revolution und ihre Folgen für die Gesellschaft.
In history class, we are talking about the revolution and its consequences for society.