census
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census
A state-ordered, periodic collection of data about the population of a country or region in order to obtain information about its size, structure, and social characteristics.
Bei der letzten Volkszählung wurden alle Haushalte befragt.
In the last census, all households were surveyed.
The word is composed of 'Volk' (people, nation), the linking -s, and 'Zählung' (counting). So it literally means a 'counting of the people,' which makes the meaning very clear.
Die Ergebnisse der Volkszählung werden nächstes Jahr veröffentlicht.
The results of the census will be published next year.
In connection with 'Volkszählung' (census), the verbs 'durchführen' (to carry out) or 'machen' (to do) are often used when the state organizes the count. When citizens participate, you use 'an der Volkszählung teilnehmen' (to take part in the census).
Die Regierung wird nächstes Jahr eine neue Volkszählung durchführen.
The government will carry out a new census next year.
'Volkszählung' (census) is an official, administrative term. You mainly find it in news reports, laws, and official documents.
Im Amtsblatt wurde die bevorstehende Volkszählung angekündigt.
The upcoming census was announced in the official gazette.
survey
'die Umfrage' and 'die Volkszählung' are both forms of questioning or data collection. A survey can be conducted by many different organizations, for example by a company, a school, or a club. It usually asks a selected group about opinions or behavior. A census, on the other hand, is a government data collection about the population of a country or region. It deals with data such as number of people, age, or place of residence. The words can be confused because in both cases people provide information. For normal opinion questions, you say 'Umfrage'. For a large official data collection about the population, you say 'Volkszählung'.
Bei der Volkszählung wurden Daten über die Einwohner des Landes gesammelt.
In the census, data about the country's residents was collected.
Nach dem Kurs füllen die Teilnehmer eine kurze Umfrage zur Lehrerin aus.
After the course, the participants fill out a short survey about the teacher.