civilization
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civilization
A highly developed human society with complex social, political, and cultural structures, often characterized by urban development, writing, and technology.
Die ägyptische Zivilisation brachte beeindruckende Bauwerke wie die Pyramiden hervor.
Egyptian civilization produced impressive structures such as the pyramids.
civilization
The totality of material and intellectual achievements that make human life more comfortable and safer, in contrast to wilderness or barbarism.
Nach drei Wochen im Dschungel freute er sich auf die Rückkehr in die Zivilisation mit warmen Duschen und sauberer Kleidung.
After three weeks in the jungle, he was looking forward to returning to civilization with hot showers and clean clothes.
The historical meaning is often used in the plural ('Zivilisationen' — civilizations) or with adjectives such as 'antik' (ancient) or 'früh' (early). The meaning 'moderne Annehmlichkeiten' (modern comforts) often stands in contrast to 'Natur' (nature) or 'Wildnis' (wilderness) and is combined with verbs such as 'zurückkehren' (to return).
Die Zivilisation der Maya ist für ihre Kalender bekannt.
The civilization of the Maya is known for its calendars.
In the historical sense, people often speak of the 'Wiege der Zivilisation' (cradle of civilization) or the 'Aufstieg und Fall' (rise and fall) of a civilization.
Mesopotamien gilt als eine der Wiegen der Zivilisation.
Mesopotamia is considered one of the cradles of civilization.
When referring to modern comforts, the phrases 'in die Zivilisation zurückkehren' (to return to civilization) and 'fern ab von jeder Zivilisation' (far away from any civilization) are very common.
Sie lebten zwei Jahre in einer Hütte, fern ab von jeder Zivilisation.
They lived for two years in a cabin, far away from any civilization.
society / company
Gesellschaft focuses on the people in a social system, as well as their structures and relationships. Zivilisation refers to a highly developed society as a comprehensive historical and cultural order. Gesellschaft is suitable for social conditions and relationships, while Zivilisation is more appropriate for an entire developed culture.
Die römische Zivilisation entwickelte Städte, Straßen und eine komplexe Verwaltung.
Roman civilization developed cities, roads, and a complex system of administration.
In der römischen Gesellschaft hatten die Menschen sehr unterschiedliche Rechte.
In Roman society, people had very different rights.
