breeding / cultivar
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breeding
The targeted and controlled reproduction of animals or plants in order to improve or preserve certain characteristics such as appearance, yield, or resistance.
Die Züchtung neuer, trockenresistenter Weizensorten ist eine wichtige Aufgabe der Agrarforschung.
The breeding of new, drought-resistant wheat varieties is an important task in agricultural research.
The noun 'Züchtung' (breeding/cultivar) is derived from the verb 'züchten' (to breed). The ending '-ung' is typical for forming nouns from verbs and often describes the process or result of an action.
Er züchtet seit Jahren seltene Tomatensorten.
He has been breeding rare tomato varieties for years.
You can recognize the meaning from the way it is used: if people speak of 'der Züchtung' (breeding) as a general process, the first meaning is intended. If it is 'eine Züchtung' (a cultivar/breed) or 'Züchtungen' (cultivars/breeds) in the plural, the result is meant, that is, a specific variety or breed.
Die Züchtung von robusten Pflanzen ist eine Wissenschaft für sich.
The breeding of robust plants is a science in itself.
When referring to the process, 'Züchtung' (breeding) is often combined with 'von' (of) and an animal or plant group. Typical adjectives are 'biologisch' (organic/biological), 'konventionell' (conventional), or 'gezielt' (targeted).
Die gezielte Züchtung von Hunden hat viele Rassen hervorgebracht.
The targeted breeding of dogs has produced many breeds.
culture
'die Kultur' and 'die Züchtung' can both have to do with living organisms, especially in science, agriculture, or biology. Here, 'Kultur' means that microorganisms or cells are deliberately grown, for example in a lab. 'Züchtung' means the targeted breeding of animals or plants so that certain traits become stronger. The words can be confused because in both cases something is produced in a controlled way. The simple difference is: you let a 'Kultur' grow, while 'Züchtung' changes animals or plants through reproduction and selection.
Die Züchtung neuer Apfelsorten dauert oft viele Jahre.
The breeding of new apple varieties often takes many years.
Im Labor untersucht die Ärztin eine Kultur von Bakterien.
In the lab, the doctor examines a culture of bacteria.