however / certainly
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however
Expresses a limitation or contrast to a previous statement. It is synonymous with 'jedoch' (however) or 'aber' (but).
Ich würde gerne mit ins Kino kommen, allerdings habe ich heute keine Zeit mehr.
I would like to come to the movies, however I don't have any more time today.
certainly
Serves as an emphatic confirmation of or agreement with a statement or question. It means something like 'yes, of course' or 'naturally'.
Findest du nicht auch, dass es heute sehr kalt ist? – Allerdings!
Don't you also think it's very cold today? – Certainly!
The two meanings of 'allerdings' (however / certainly) are easy to recognize from the sentence structure. As a limitation ('jedoch' = however), it connects sentences or parts of sentences. As strong agreement ('selbstverständlich' = of course), it stands alone as an answer.
Ich komme gerne mit, allerdings muss ich um 22 Uhr zu Hause sein.
I'm happy to come along, however I have to be home by 10 p.m.
As a limitation, 'allerdings' (however) can stand in position 1 (then the verb follows) or inside the sentence after the verb (then the word order does not change).
Wir wollten in den Park gehen. Allerdings fing es an zu regnen.
We wanted to go to the park. However, it started to rain.
In its function as a limitation, 'allerdings' (however) is often used in written language or in more formal conversations. It often sounds somewhat more refined than a simple 'aber' (but).
Ihre Bewerbung ist sehr überzeugend, allerdings fehlt Ihr Lebenslauf.
Your application is very convincing; however, your résumé is missing.
but
„Aber“ and „allerdings“ can both express a limitation. „Aber“ is a conjunction and directly connects the statements. „Allerdings“ is an adverb and can therefore appear in different positions in the sentence; it often acknowledges a previous statement first and then qualifies it.
Der Plan ist gut, er ist allerdings teuer.
The plan is good, but it is expensive.
Der Plan ist gut, aber er ist teuer.
The plan is good, but it is expensive.
