approval
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approval
Formal approval or consent to a plan, action, or decision. It expresses a positive evaluation and official acceptance, often by a person or authority with decision-making power.
Das neue Bauprojekt erhielt die Billigung des Stadtrats.
The new construction project received the approval of the city council.
'Die Billigung' (approval) is the noun derived from the verb 'billigen' (to approve, endorse). The ending '-ung' turns the verb into a feminine noun.
Der Chef billigte den Vorschlag seiner Mitarbeiterin.
The boss approved his employee's proposal.
This word is mainly used in formal, official, or business contexts. It expresses formal approval by a person or institution with authority.
Ohne die Billigung der Geschäftsführung kann das Projekt nicht starten.
Without the approval of management, the project cannot start.
Common verbs used with 'Billigung' (approval) include 'die Billigung erteilen' (to grant approval), 'die Billigung finden' (to meet with approval), or 'die Billigung erhalten' (to receive approval). It is also often said that a plan needs 'jemandes Billigung' (someone's approval).
Der Plan fand die Billigung aller Ausschussmitglieder.
The plan met with the approval of all committee members.
The person or institution giving the approval is often expressed with the genitive or with 'von' + dative. Both forms are correct.
Wir warten auf die Billigung des Ministeriums.
We are waiting for the approval of the ministry.
approval / consent
Both words refer to positive agreement to a plan. Zustimmung emphasizes explicit permission or a declaration of consent more strongly, while Billigung also expresses a positive evaluation and often official acceptance. Billigung is therefore especially appropriate for a formal decision by an authorized body.
Der neue Plan wurde nach einer Prüfung von der zuständigen Stelle gebilligt.
The new plan was approved by the responsible authority after a review.
Für den Ausflug brauchen die Kinder die Zustimmung ihrer Eltern.
The children need their parents' consent for the outing.
