approval
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approval
Formal approval or consent to a plan, action, or decision. It expresses a positive evaluation and official acceptance, often by a person or authority with decision-making power.
Das neue Bauprojekt erhielt die Billigung des Stadtrats.
The new construction project received the approval of the city council.
'Die Billigung' (approval) is the noun derived from the verb 'billigen' (to approve, endorse). The ending '-ung' turns the verb into a feminine noun.
Der Chef billigte den Vorschlag seiner Mitarbeiterin.
The boss approved his employee's proposal.
This word is mainly used in formal, official, or business contexts. It expresses formal approval by a person or institution with authority.
Ohne die Billigung der Geschäftsführung kann das Projekt nicht starten.
Without the approval of management, the project cannot start.
Common verbs used with 'Billigung' (approval) include 'die Billigung erteilen' (to grant approval), 'die Billigung finden' (to meet with approval), or 'die Billigung erhalten' (to receive approval). It is also often said that a plan needs 'jemandes Billigung' (someone's approval).
Der Plan fand die Billigung aller Ausschussmitglieder.
The plan met with the approval of all committee members.
The person or institution giving the approval is often expressed with the genitive or with 'von' + dative. Both forms are correct.
Wir warten auf die Billigung des Ministeriums.
We are waiting for the approval of the ministry.
approval / consent
'Zustimmung' and 'Billigung' both mean that someone accepts or permits something. 'Zustimmung' is more neutral and more common in everyday life: you agree with a proposal. 'Billigung' sounds more formal and often emphasizes that a person or authority approves of a decision or officially accepts it. So it is not only about a yes, but also about a positive evaluation. In normal conversations, 'Zustimmung' is usually more natural; in official texts or for decisions made by people in charge, 'Billigung' can sound more precise.
Die Billigung des Vorstands ist nötig, bevor der Vertrag unterschrieben wird.
The board's approval is necessary before the contract is signed.
Seine Zustimmung war wichtig, weil er an dem Projekt mitarbeitet.
His approval was important because he is working on the project.