
die Bohrung
drilling
The process of drilling, that is, making a hole in a solid material with a drill.
Die Bohrung in die Betonwand war sehr laut und staubig.
The drilling into the concrete wall was very loud and dusty.
drilling / borehole
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drilling
The process of drilling, that is, making a hole in a solid material with a drill.
Die Bohrung in die Betonwand war sehr laut und staubig.
The drilling into the concrete wall was very loud and dusty.

borehole
The hole itself that was created by drilling.
Die Schraube passt exakt in die vorgefertigte Bohrung.
The screw fits exactly into the predrilled borehole.

drilling
A deep drilling operation to search for or extract raw materials such as oil, natural gas, or geothermal energy.
Die Bohrung nach Öl in der Tiefsee ist technisch extrem aufwendig.
Drilling for oil in the deep sea is technically extremely complex.
The noun 'die Bohrung' (drilling/borehole) is derived from the verb 'bohren' (to drill) with the ending '-ung.' Like many -ung nouns, it can refer both to the process of the action (drilling) and to the result of the action (the hole).
Die Bohrung eines tiefen Lochs erfordert spezielles Werkzeug.
Drilling a deep hole requires special tools.
The context tells you whether the process or the result is meant. If it is about duration or difficulty, the process is meant. If it is about size, depth, or position, the resulting hole is meant.
Die Bohrung hat nur wenige Sekunden gedauert.
The drilling took only a few seconds.
In the meaning of 'searching for raw materials,' 'Bohrung' (drilling) is almost always used with the preposition 'nach' and the raw material being sought. Typical combinations are 'die Bohrung nach Öl' (drilling for oil), 'die Bohrung nach Erdgas' (drilling for natural gas), or 'die Bohrung nach Wasser' (drilling for water).
Die Firma plant eine neue Bohrung nach Erdgas in der Nordsee.
The company is planning a new drilling operation for natural gas in the North Sea.
hole
Both Loch and Bohrung can refer to an opening in solid material. Loch is the general everyday term, whereas Bohrung specifically means a hole made by drilling and sounds more precise. Use Loch without further specification, and Bohrung when referring to this method of production.

In der Holzplatte ist eine genau passende Bohrung für das Kabel.
There is a precisely fitting borehole in the wooden panel for the cable.
In der Holzplatte ist ein kleines Loch für das Kabel.
There is a small hole in the wooden panel for the cable.