characteristic
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characteristic
A typical, distinguishing feature or an essential quality of a person, object, or situation.
Ein wichtiges Charakteristikum dieses Architekturstils ist die Verwendung von viel Glas.
An important characteristic of this architectural style is the use of a lot of glass.
This word belongs to the word family of 'der Charakter' (character) and 'charakteristisch' (characteristic, adjective). All of these words refer to typical features or qualities.
Es ist charakteristisch für ihn, immer zu spät zu kommen.
It is characteristic of him to always arrive late.
'Charakteristikum' (characteristic) is a rather formal and educated-sounding word. It is often found in academic, technical, or analytical texts.
In der Studie werden die Charakteristika der verschiedenen Materialien beschrieben.
The study describes the characteristics of the different materials.
To say what something is a feature of, the genitive is often used. Alternatively, you can also use the preposition 'von' (of/from) with the dative.
Die besondere Farbe ist ein Charakteristikum dieses Minerals.
The special color is a characteristic of this mineral.
characteristic / capacity
'Eigenschaft' and 'Charakteristikum' both mean a feature by which you can recognize a person, a thing, or a situation. 'Eigenschaft' is the normal, general word and fits many everyday situations. 'Charakteristikum' sounds a bit more formal and emphasizes that a feature is especially typical or distinguishing. It is used more in explanations, reports, or more precise descriptions. If you simply want to name a feature, 'Eigenschaft' is more natural. If you want to say what especially defines something, 'Charakteristikum' fits well.
Ein Charakteristikum dieser alten Häuser sind die großen Fenster zur Straße.
One characteristic of these old houses is the large windows facing the street.
Eine gute Eigenschaft von Lisa ist, dass sie auch in Stress ruhig bleibt.
One good characteristic of Lisa is that she stays calm even under stress.