
deponieren
to deposit
To leave or hand over something in a safe place for storage.
Sie können Ihre Wertsachen während des Besuchs im Schließfach deponieren.
You can deposit your valuables in the locker during your visit.
to deposit / dispose
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to deposit
To leave or hand over something in a safe place for storage.
Sie können Ihre Wertsachen während des Besuchs im Schließfach deponieren.
You can deposit your valuables in the locker during your visit.

to dispose
To store waste, especially hazardous waste, at a designated landfill site.
Es ist streng verboten, chemische Abfälle einfach im Wald zu deponieren.
It is strictly forbidden to simply dispose of chemical waste in the forest.
'Deponieren' (to deposit/dispose) is a rather formal and official word. You often find it in instructions, on signs in public facilities, or in administrative texts.
Bitte deponieren Sie Ihr Gepäck in den dafür vorgesehenen Fächern.
Please deposit your luggage in the compartments provided.
You can recognize the meaning from the object: if valuables, suitcases, or keys are being 'deponiert' (deposited), it is about safe storage. If waste, trash, or chemicals are being 'deponiert' (disposed of), it is about storage at a landfill.
Der Gast deponierte seinen Zimmerschlüssel an der Rezeption.
The guest deposited his room key at reception.
In the sense of 'hinterlegen' (to deposit/leave for safekeeping), the verb is often combined with places such as 'im Safe' (in the safe), 'im Schließfach' (in the locker/safe-deposit box), or 'an der Garderobe' (at the coat check). Typical objects are 'Wertsachen' (valuables), 'Gepäck' (luggage), or 'Jacken' (jackets).
Im Museum mussten wir unsere Rucksäcke an der Garderobe deponieren.
At the museum, we had to deposit our backpacks at the coat check.
In the meaning of 'lagern' (to store), 'deponieren' (to dispose/store) refers to waste. Common combinations are 'Müll deponieren' (to dispose of trash), 'Bauschutt deponieren' (to dispose of construction rubble), or 'Giftmüll deponieren' (to dispose of toxic waste). The place is usually 'auf einer Deponie' (at a landfill).
Nach dem Hausbau musste die Familie den Bauschutt fachgerecht deponieren lassen.
After building the house, the family had to have the construction rubble disposed of properly.
to dispose of
Both words can refer to handling waste. „Entsorgen“ generally means disposing of it properly, while „deponieren“ more specifically means storing waste at a designated landfill. Use „deponieren“ only when this location and this type of storage are meant.

Die Gemeinde deponiert den Sondermüll auf einer dafür vorgesehenen Deponie.
The municipality deposits the hazardous waste at a designated landfill.
Die Gemeinde entsorgt den Sondermüll fachgerecht.
The municipality disposes of the hazardous waste properly.