
die Frage
question
A sentence or formulation used to ask for information or an answer.
Darf ich Ihnen eine Frage stellen?
May I ask you a question?
question
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question
A sentence or formulation used to ask for information or an answer.
Darf ich Ihnen eine Frage stellen?
May I ask you a question?

matter / question
A problem, topic, or matter that needs to be discussed, clarified, or decided.
Das ist eine Frage des Geldes.
That's a question of money.

to be an option
To be a possible option or to be considered.
Für diese Position kommt nur ein erfahrener Kandidat in Frage.
Only an experienced candidate is an option for this position.

to question
To doubt something or question the validity or correctness of something.
Er stellte die Entscheidung seines Chefs in Frage.
He questioned his boss's decision.

to be beyond question
To be completely certain or beyond doubt.
Es steht außer Frage, dass sie die Beste für den Job ist.
It is beyond question that she is the best person for the job.
'Die Frage' (the question) is the noun that belongs to the verb 'fragen' (to ask). If you know the verb, you can easily infer the meaning of the noun.
Er fragt, ob er eine Frage stellen darf.
He asks whether he may ask a question.
In German, you 'stellt' a question: 'eine Frage stellen' (to ask a question). You 'gibt' an answer to it or 'beantwortet' the question: 'eine Antwort geben' (to give an answer), 'die Frage beantworten' (to answer the question). You can also 'eine Frage haben' (to have a question).
Der Journalist stellte dem Politiker eine kritische Frage.
The journalist asked the politician a critical question.
When 'Frage' (matter/question) describes a topic or matter, it often appears in the genitive with an abstract noun. Typical phrases are 'eine Frage der Zeit' (a question of time), 'eine Frage des Geldes' (a question of money), or 'eine Frage des Prinzips' (a matter of principle).
Ob wir in den Urlaub fahren, ist vor allem eine Frage des Geldes.
Whether we go on vacation is mainly a question of money.
The expression 'in Frage kommen' means that something is a possible option. The thing that is an option is the subject of the sentence. The expression is often negated.
Ein Umzug in eine andere Stadt kommt für mich nicht in Frage.
Moving to another city is not an option for me.
The expression 'etwas in Frage stellen' means to question or doubt something. It is an active action. The thing being questioned is in the accusative.
Die neue Studie stellt bisherige Annahmen in Frage.
The new study calls previous assumptions into question.
The expression 'außer Frage stehen' means that something is absolutely certain and beyond doubt. The thing that is certain is the subject of the sentence.
Seine Kompetenz für dieses Projekt steht völlig außer Frage.
His competence for this project is completely beyond question.
problem
Frage and Problem can both refer to something that still needs to be clarified. Frage neutrally puts the answer or decision being sought in the foreground; Problem emphasizes a difficulty that requires a solution. Without a recognizable obstacle, Frage is appropriate; when there is a specific difficulty, Problem is more suitable.

Die Frage der Finanzierung müssen wir im nächsten Gespräch klären.
We need to clarify the question of financing in our next meeting.
Das Problem der Finanzierung müssen wir lösen, weil noch Geld fehlt.
We need to solve the problem of financing because there is still money missing.