geological
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geological
Relating to geology; connected with the science of the structure, composition, and history of the Earth.
Die geologische Untersuchung ergab, dass die Felsen über 200 Millionen Jahre alt sind.
The geological examination showed that the rocks are over 200 million years old.
The adjective 'geologisch' (geological) is derived directly from the noun 'die Geologie' (geology). The ending '-isch' is often used to form a related adjective from a noun.
Die Geologie ist eine faszinierende Wissenschaft.
Geology is a fascinating science.
'Geologisch' (geological) is often combined with nouns from science. Typical collocations are 'geologische Formationen' (geological formations), 'eine geologische Karte' (a geological map), 'ein geologisches Gutachten' (a geological expert report), or 'geologische Zeiträume' (geological periods).
Für den Bau der Brücke war ein geologisches Gutachten erforderlich.
A geological expert report was required for the construction of the bridge.
This word belongs to the technical language of the natural sciences, especially the geosciences. It is mainly found in scientific, technical, or educated-language texts.
Der Professor erklärte die geologischen Prozesse, die zur Gebirgsbildung führen.
The professor explained the geological processes that lead to mountain formation.
geographic
'geographisch' and 'geologisch' sound similar and both have to do with the Earth, but they do not mean the same thing. 'geographisch' describes the location, distribution, or nature of places on the Earth's surface, for example countries, regions, or distances. 'geologisch' describes the structure and history of the Earth, for example rocks, layers of the Earth, or volcanoes. The risk of confusion comes from the similar beginning 'geo-'. As a guide: 'geographisch' is more about asking 'Where is something located?', while 'geologisch' is more about asking 'What is the ground made of, or how did it form?'
Für das Bauprojekt untersucht ein Experte die geologischen Eigenschaften des Bodens.
For the construction project, an expert is examining the geological properties of the soil.
Geographisch gehört die Insel zu Europa, politisch aber zu einem anderen Staat.
Geographically, the island belongs to Europe, but politically it belongs to another state.