considerable
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a considerable time
A fairly long, substantial period of time. The adjective 'geraum' (considerable) is used almost exclusively in this expression.
Nach einer geraumen Zeit des Wartens kam der Zug endlich an.
After a considerable time spent waiting, the train finally arrived.
The word 'geraum' (considerable) is related to 'der Raum' (space/room). It transfers the idea of a large space to time and thus describes a large 'Zeitraum' (period of time).
Wir brauchen einen großen Raum für die Feier.
We need a large room for the celebration.
Today, the adjective 'geraum' (considerable) is used almost exclusively in the fixed expression 'eine geraume Zeit' (a considerable time). It cannot be freely combined with arbitrary nouns like other adjectives.
Es dauerte eine geraume Zeit, bis alle Gäste eingetroffen waren.
It took a considerable time until all the guests had arrived.
The expression 'eine geraume Zeit' (a considerable time) belongs to a formal or literary style. It is rarely used in everyday spoken language.
Der Gelehrte verbrachte eine geraume Zeit mit dem Studium der alten Schriften.
The scholar spent a considerable time studying the ancient writings.
long
'lang' and 'geraum' can both express that something takes a lot of time. 'lang' is the normal and very flexible word: you can talk about 'eine lange Reise' (a long trip), 'eine lange Pause' (a long break), or 'ein langes Gespräch' (a long conversation). 'geraum' is used almost only in the fixed expression 'eine geraume Zeit' (a considerable time). This sounds somewhat more elevated and means a fairly long period of time. For space or the length of things, only 'lang' fits, not 'geraum'.
Frau Yilmaz hat eine geraume Zeit bei ihren Eltern gewohnt.
Ms. Yilmaz lived with her parents for quite a long time.
Die Fahrt in die Stadt war heute besonders lang.
The trip into the city was especially long today.