hamburger / person from Hamburg
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hamburger
A warm dish consisting of a fried ground-meat patty in a sliced bun, often with lettuce, sauces, and other ingredients.
Zum Mittagessen habe ich mir einen Hamburger mit Pommes bestellt.
For lunch, I ordered myself a hamburger with fries.
Both meanings of 'Hamburger' derive from the city of 'Hamburg'. The ending '-er' indicates either a resident of the city or something that comes from there—like the famous dish.
Der Hamburger Hafen ist einer der größten in Europa.
The Port of Hamburg is one of the largest in Europe.
When 'Hamburger' is used as an adjective before a noun to describe origin from Hamburg, it is not declined. It always keeps the ending '-er'.
Die Elbphilharmonie ist ein bekanntes Hamburger Wahrzeichen.
The Elbphilharmonie is a well-known Hamburg landmark.
Whether the food or a person is meant is always clear from the context. Verbs like 'essen' (to eat) or 'bestellen' (to order) point to the dish, while 'sein' (to be) or 'wohnen' (to live) point to a person.
Ich esse gern einen Hamburger.
I like eating a hamburger.
burger
'der Hamburger' and 'der Burger' can both mean a dish in a bun. In many everyday situations, they are understood almost the same way. 'Hamburger' classically means a burger with a fried ground-meat patty. 'Burger' is broader and can also mean a vegetable burger, chicken burger, or another kind of patty in a bun. They are easy to mix up because in restaurants the two are often used similarly. Also important: 'Hamburger' can also mean a man from Hamburg, but 'Burger' cannot.
Zum Mittag bestellt Tom einen Hamburger mit Käse und Salat.
For lunch, Tom orders a hamburger with cheese and lettuce.
Der Gast fragt, ob es auch einen vegetarischen Burger gibt.
The guest asks whether there is also a vegetarian burger.