impulse / momentum
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impulse
A sudden inner drive or urge to do something, often without much thought. It can also refer to an external stimulus or inspiration that triggers an action or thought.
Aus einem Impuls heraus kaufte sie das teure Kleid.
On impulse, she bought the expensive dress.
momentum
In physics, a fundamental quantity that describes the state of motion of a body. It is the product of mass and velocity.
Bei einem Stoß zweier Kugeln bleibt der Gesamtimpuls des Systems erhalten.
When two balls collide, the total momentum of the system is conserved.
pulse / impulse
A short, often strong signal in electrical engineering or communications technology that is used to transmit information or trigger a process.
Der Sensor sendet bei jeder Umdrehung einen elektrischen Impuls.
The sensor sends an electrical pulse with each rotation.
You can recognize the meaning of 'Impuls' from the context. If it is about feelings or spontaneous actions, the psychological meaning is intended. In texts about physics or technology, the technical meanings are intended.
Sie hatte den plötzlichen Impuls, alles stehen und liegen zu lassen.
She had the sudden impulse to drop everything.
In the psychological meaning, 'Impuls' (impulse) is often combined with certain verbs. Typical phrases are 'einem Impuls folgen' (to follow an impulse), 'einen Impuls verspüren' (to feel an impulse), or 'aus einem Impuls heraus' (on impulse).
Er folgte dem Impuls und rief sie sofort an.
He followed the impulse and called her immediately.
In physics, 'der Impuls' (momentum) is a precisely defined technical term. It is used whenever the movement and mass of objects in a physical system are involved.
Die Erhaltung des Impulses ist ein wichtiges Prinzip in der Mechanik.
The conservation of momentum is an important principle in mechanics.
In electrical engineering and computer science, 'Impuls' (pulse / impulse) refers to a short signal. You often find the word in contexts such as signal processing, data transmission, or control engineering.
Ein digitaler Impuls kann den Zustand '0' oder '1' repräsentieren.
A digital pulse can represent the state '0' or '1'.
initiative
Initiative refers to an independent first action through which someone gets something started. An Impuls is an inner urge or a stimulus that triggers an action or thought. Someone who actively takes the first step shows Initiative; the triggering stimulus is an Impuls.
Ein Gespräch mit ihrer Nachbarin gab Mara den Impuls für ein gemeinsames Fest.
A conversation with her neighbor gave Mara the impetus to organize a neighborhood festival.
Mara ergriff die Initiative und plante ein gemeinsames Nachbarschaftsfest.
Mara took the initiative and planned a neighborhood festival.
