construction
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construction
The way something is built or put together; the process of building or erecting something.
Die Konstruktion der neuen Brücke wird voraussichtlich zwei Jahre dauern.
The construction of the new bridge is expected to take two years.
The noun 'die Konstruktion' (construction) belongs to the verb 'konstruieren' (to construct). When someone constructs something (builds or designs it), the result or process is the 'Konstruktion' (construction).
Ein Architekt konstruiert ein Gebäude.
An architect designs a building.
You can recognize the meaning of 'Konstruktion' (construction) from context. If it is about buildings, the technical meaning is intended. In language classes, it is about sentences. In philosophical texts, it is about mental models.
Die Stahlkonstruktion des Turms muss überprüft werden.
The steel structure of the tower has to be inspected.
When a finished structure is meant, 'Konstruktion' (structure/construction) is often combined with a material (e.g., 'Holzkonstruktion' = wooden structure, 'Stahlkonstruktion' = steel structure) or with an adjective like 'stabil' (stable), 'komplex' (complex), or 'gewagt' (bold/daring).
Das Dach ist eine leichte Holzkonstruktion.
The roof is a lightweight wooden structure.
In grammar, the word 'Satzkonstruktion' (sentence construction) is often used. It describes how a sentence is built. People speak of 'einfachen' (simple) or 'komplexen' (complex) constructions.
Lange Sätze haben oft eine komplexe Konstruktion.
Long sentences often have a complex construction.
In the abstract meaning, 'Konstruktion' (construct) is often used with adjectives like 'theoretisch' (theoretical), 'gedanklich' (mental/conceptual), or 'rein' (pure) to emphasize that something is not based on real facts.
Seine Erklärung ist eine rein theoretische Konstruktion.
His explanation is a purely theoretical construct.
construction / building
'der Bau' and 'die Konstruktion' can both have to do with building or with something that has been built. 'der Bau' sounds more natural when it is about the construction of a building or about a large building itself. 'die Konstruktion' places more emphasis on how something is technically built or what parts it consists of. Learners may confuse the words because both occur with buildings, bridges, or other structures. As a practical rule: for a house or project, people often say 'der Bau'; when you mean the structure or the technical solution, 'die Konstruktion' fits better.
Die Konstruktion der Brücke ist leicht, aber sehr stabil.
The bridge's structure is light but very stable.
Der Bau der neuen Schule dauert noch bis zum Herbst.
Construction of the new school will continue until autumn.