course
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course / training course
A structured course or training program over a specific period of time that provides comprehensive theoretical and practical knowledge in a subject area.
Um sich beruflich weiterzubilden, hat sie einen Lehrgang für Projektmanagement besucht.
To continue her professional development, she took a project management course.
'Lehrgang' (course/training course) is a compound noun made up of 'lehren' (to teach; stem: 'Lehr-') and 'der Gang' (course/path). So it describes the 'Gang' (course) or progression of structured 'Lehre' (teaching) or training.
Der Lehrgang dauerte insgesamt sechs Monate.
The course lasted six months in total.
You can 'besuchen' (attend), 'machen' (take/do), 'beginnen' (begin), or successfully 'absolvieren' (complete) a Lehrgang. An institution can 'anbieten' (offer) a Lehrgang.
Sie hat den Lehrgang erfolgreich absolviert und ein Zertifikat erhalten.
She successfully completed the course and received a certificate.
To name the topic of the Lehrgang, the preposition 'für' (for) is usually used. To describe the goal or qualification, people often use 'zu' (to/for), as in 'zum/zur'.
Er macht einen Lehrgang für angehende Programmierer.
He is taking a course for aspiring programmers.
training / education
'die Ausbildung' and 'der Lehrgang' both have to do with organized learning. 'die Ausbildung' is usually a whole educational path, especially for learning a profession. It often lasts several years and includes a lot of practical work. 'der Lehrgang' is more like a course or training course on a specific topic. It can be short or longer, but it does not always lead to a full profession. A 'Lehrgang' can be part of an 'Ausbildung' or serve as further training. Learners confuse the words because both can include lessons and practical exercises. For a whole profession, 'Ausbildung' fits; for a specific course, 'Lehrgang' is better.
Mila besucht im Herbst einen Lehrgang für Erste Hilfe.
Mila is taking a first aid course in the fall.
Die Ausbildung meines Freundes dauert drei Jahre.
My friend's vocational training lasts three years.