therefore
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therefore
A formal word that introduces a logical conclusion; means roughly 'therefore', 'consequently', or 'accordingly'.
Die Indizien sind eindeutig, mithin muss der Angeklagte der Täter sein.
The evidence is clear; therefore, the defendant must be the perpetrator.
'Mithin' (therefore) is a formal word used in written language. It is found mainly in legal, academic, or very elevated texts. It is not used in everyday spoken language.
Der Angeklagte hat kein Alibi, mithin bleibt der Tatverdacht bestehen.
The defendant has no alibi; therefore, the suspicion remains.
When 'mithin' (therefore) stands at the beginning of a sentence (position 1), the conjugated verb follows immediately (inversion). If it stands within the sentence, it does not affect word order.
Die Nachfrage ist stark gesunken, mithin müssen wir die Produktion anpassen.
Demand has dropped sharply; therefore, we have to adjust production.
The word is made up of 'mit' (with) and 'hin' (toward/there). This combination points to a conclusion, in the sense of 'this results in' or 'following from that'.
Alle Flüge sind gestrichen, mithin können wir die Reise nicht antreten.
All flights have been canceled; therefore, we cannot take the trip.
so / therefore
'also' and 'mithin' can both introduce a conclusion. You use them when something follows logically from a piece of information. 'also' is very normal and flexible in everyday language. It can also be used as a filler word or to begin a new thought. 'mithin' is much more formal and is more suitable for texts, presentations, or precise arguments. Learners may confuse the words because both can mean 'therefore' or 'consequently'. In conversations, however, 'also' almost always sounds more natural; 'mithin' can quickly sound very elevated.
Die Kosten steigen jedes Jahr; mithin muss der Plan neu geprüft werden.
The costs rise every year; therefore, the plan must be reviewed again.
Der Bus fährt erst in zwanzig Minuten, also gehen wir noch kurz einkaufen.
The bus does not leave for another twenty minutes, so we’ll quickly go shopping.