to renovate / restructure
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to renovate
To restore a building or apartment to good condition through renovation and modernization. This often includes repairing structural damage and improving energy efficiency.
Die Altbauwohnung wurde aufwendig saniert und ist jetzt kaum wiederzuerkennen.
The old apartment was extensively renovated and is now hardly recognizable.
to restructure
To make a company that is in financial difficulty economically healthy again through targeted measures.
Ein externer Berater wurde engagiert, um die angeschlagene Firma zu sanieren.
An external consultant was hired to restructure the struggling company.
to restore
In medicine, to heal or restore a diseased body part or organ. The term is often used in a dental context for treating a set of teeth.
Der Zahnarzt muss das gesamte Gebiss sanieren, da mehrere Zähne von Karies befallen sind.
The dentist has to restore the entire set of teeth because several teeth are affected by cavities.
'Sanieren' comes from the Latin word 'sanus', which means 'healthy'. All meanings have the basic idea of making something 'healthy again'—whether a building, a company, or teeth.
Die Stadt plant, das alte Schwimmbad zu sanieren.
The city is planning to renovate the old swimming pool.
Which meaning of 'sanieren' (to renovate/restructure/restore) is meant can almost always be recognized from the object of the sentence. You either renovate buildings ('ein Haus' — a house), restructure finances ('ein Unternehmen' — a company), or restore body parts ('das Gebiss' — the teeth).
Die Fassade des alten Rathauses wird saniert.
The facade of the old town hall is being renovated.
When it comes to buildings, 'sanieren' (to renovate) is often combined with adverbs like 'umfassend' (comprehensively), 'grundlegend' (thoroughly), or 'energetisch' (for energy efficiency) to describe the type of renovation more precisely.
Viele alte Häuser müssen energetisch saniert werden, um Heizkosten zu sparen.
Many old houses need to be renovated for energy efficiency in order to save on heating costs.
In an economic context, it is often not only a 'Firma' (company) or 'Unternehmen' (business) that is restructured, but also the 'Haushalt' (budget) of a city or state.
Die Regierung hat ein Programm aufgelegt, um den Staatshaushalt zu sanieren.
The government has launched a program to restructure the national budget.
In medicine, 'sanieren' (to restore) is used almost exclusively in dentistry. It means that all teeth and the gums are treated and brought into a healthy condition.
Der Zahnarzt empfahl, das gesamte Gebiss sanieren zu lassen.
The dentist recommended having the entire set of teeth restored.
to treat / to deal with
Behandeln and sanieren can both refer to a medical measure. Behandeln is the more general word for treating an illness or injury; sanieren emphasizes more comprehensive restoration and is especially common for a severely damaged set of teeth. For general therapy, behandeln is usually more appropriate.
Die Zahnärztin saniert das stark beschädigte Gebiss in mehreren Sitzungen.
The dentist restores the severely damaged set of teeth over several appointments.
Die Zahnärztin behandelt die Entzündung zunächst mit einem Medikament.
The dentist initially treats the inflammation with medication.
