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participant
A female person who takes part in an event, course, competition, or another activity.
Jede Teilnehmerin des Marathons erhielt am Ziel eine Medaille.
Each participant in the marathon received a medal at the finish line.
The word is derived from the verb 'teilnehmen' (to participate). This consists of 'Teil' (part) and 'nehmen' (to take). A 'Teilnehmerin' (female participant) is therefore literally a female person who 'takes part' in something.
Die Teilnehmerin am Sprachkurs kommt aus Japan.
The participant in the language course comes from Japan.
The word is almost always used with the preposition 'an' followed by the dative. Someone is a 'Teilnehmerin an' (participant in) an event, a course, or a competition.
Als Teilnehmerin an der Konferenz konnte sie viele neue Kontakte knüpfen.
As a participant in the conference, she was able to make many new contacts.
Common contexts for 'Teilnehmerin' (female participant) are courses, conferences, competitions, or studies. Typical phrases are 'Teilnehmerin an einem Seminar' (participant in a seminar) or 'Teilnehmerin einer Studie' (participant in a study).
Die jüngste Teilnehmerin des Wettbewerbs war erst 14 Jahre alt.
The youngest participant in the competition was only 14 years old.
participant
'der Teilnehmer' and 'die Teilnehmerin' mean almost the same thing: a person who takes part in something. The difference is in grammatical and natural gender. 'der Teilnehmer' is the masculine form and can also be used generically in some general texts. 'die Teilnehmerin' is used for a female person. The words can be confused because the meaning is the same, but the article and ending are different. If you are talking about a specific woman, 'die Teilnehmerin' is more precise.
Die Teilnehmerin aus Berlin hat den Workshop sehr gut vorbereitet.
The participant from Berlin prepared the workshop very well.
Der Teilnehmer stellt dem Kursleiter nach der Übung eine Frage.
The participant asks the course instructor a question after the exercise.