
der Teilnehmer
participant
A person who actively takes part in an event, course, competition, or activity.
Alle Teilnehmer des Marathons erhielten eine Medaille.
All participants in the marathon received a medal.
participant
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participant
A person who actively takes part in an event, course, competition, or activity.
Alle Teilnehmer des Marathons erhielten eine Medaille.
All participants in the marathon received a medal.

subscriber
In telecommunications, the person or connection that is connected to a communication network, such as the telephone network.
Die automatische Ansage sagte: 'Der gewünschte Teilnehmer ist zurzeit nicht erreichbar.'
The automated announcement said: 'The subscriber you are trying to reach is currently unavailable.'
'Der Teilnehmer' (participant) is a person who 'teilnimmt' (takes part). The word derives directly from the separable verb 'teilnehmen' (to take part), which means 'an etwas partizipieren' (to participate in something).
Wer am Gewinnspiel teilnehmen will, muss sich als Teilnehmer registrieren.
Anyone who wants to take part in the prize draw must register as a participant.
To say what someone is participating in, German uses the preposition 'an' followed by the dative. For example: Teilnehmer an einem Kurs (participant in a course), an einer Konferenz (at a conference), an einem Spiel (in a game).
Die Teilnehmer an der Diskussion waren sehr engagiert.
The participants in the discussion were very engaged.
You can easily recognize the meaning from context. If you hear the word in an automated phone announcement, 'Teilnehmer' (subscriber) refers to someone in the telephone network. In almost all other situations (sports, education, events), it means a person who takes part in something.
Die Teilnehmer des Sprachkurses kommen aus verschiedenen Ländern.
The participants in the language course come from different countries.
player
In a tournament, the same person can be both a Spieler and a Teilnehmer. Spieler emphasizes their role in the actual game, while Teilnehmer emphasizes their participation in the competition as a whole. Spieler is suitable when referring to a move or a sporting role; Teilnehmer is more appropriate for registration and organization.

Jeder Teilnehmer des Schachturniers muss sich vor Beginn am Eingang anmelden.
Every participant in the chess tournament must register at the entrance before it begins.
Jeder Spieler des Schachturniers hat für seinen Zug fünf Minuten Zeit.
Every player in the chess tournament has five minutes to make their move.