tragedy
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tragic quality
The fateful, shocking, and deeply sad element of an event, situation, or human fate.
Die ganze Tragik des Unglücks wurde erst nach und nach bekannt.
The full tragic quality of the accident only became known gradually.
'Die Tragik' (tragedy / tragic quality) belongs to the word family of 'tragisch' (tragic) and 'die Tragödie' (a sad event or a play). All the words refer to something fateful and sad.
Es ist tragisch, dass er sein Ziel so kurz vor dem Ende nicht erreicht hat.
It is tragic that he did not reach his goal so close to the end.
You can recognize the meaning from the context: If people are talking about literature, theater, or philosophy (e.g., 'die griechische Tragik' — Greek tragedy), the literary genre is meant. If it is about a disaster, a fate, or a story from real life, the shocking quality is meant.
Aristoteles hat sich in seiner Poetik mit der Theorie der Tragik beschäftigt.
Aristotle dealt with the theory of tragedy in his Poetics.
To describe the sad element, 'Tragik' (tragic quality) is often used with the genitive or a preposition. A very typical construction is also: 'Die Tragik liegt darin, dass ...' (The tragedy lies in the fact that ...).
Die Tragik der Situation wurde allen bewusst.
The tragic quality of the situation became clear to everyone.
suffering
'Leid' and 'Tragik' both have to do with sad and difficult experiences. 'Leid' means the pain that people feel or experience. So it is closer to the people affected. 'Tragik' describes more the shocking, tragic quality of a situation or a fate, often when something is very sad and almost impossible to change. 'Leid' fits well when you are talking about sorrow, pain, or misfortune. 'Tragik' fits better when you want to emphasize the sad significance of an entire event or life path.
Die Tragik der Geschichte liegt darin, dass niemand den Unfall verhindern konnte.
The tragedy of the story lies in the fact that no one could prevent the accident.
Nach dem Brand war das Leid der Bewohner groß.
After the fire, the residents' suffering was great.